Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are one of the fastest growing drug molecules targeting the treatment of diseases ranging from arthritis, immune disorders, and infectious diseases to cancer. Due to its unique application principle, antibodies are commonly produced in large quantities. Plants, such as Nicotiana benthamiana, offer a unique production platform for bio-therapeutics due to their abilit...

Water pollution by dyes represents from dyestuff industry becomes an environmental concern. Finding new isolates capable of decolorizing these is important. The study aimed to assess the white-rot fungi (WRF) as agent anthraquinone and azo dyes. Decolorization assay were conducted in Agar plates liquid medium. During decolorization, laccase activities produced fungal strains analyzed. Identific...

Two of the three major outer layers of the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cell wall (W6 and W4) can be solubilized from living cells with sodium perchlorate or other chaotropes and will repolymerize in vitro to form milligram amounts of wall crystals. Conditions for optimal crystalization are presented, and conditions that fail to induce polymerization are exploited to maintain monomers in aqueous s...

The molecular mechanism for how RISC and microRNAs selectively and reversibly regulate mRNA translation in response to receptor signaling is unknown but could provide a means for temporal and spatial control of translation. Here we show that miR-125a targeting PSD-95 mRNA allows reversible inhibition of translation and regulation by gp1 mGluR signaling. Inhibition of miR-125a increased PSD-95 l...

Ebola virus (EboV) causes rapidly fatal hemorrhagic fever in humans and there is currently no effective treatment. We found that the infection of African green monkey kidney (Vero) cells by vesicular stomatitis viruses bearing the EboV glycoprotein (GP) requires the activity of endosomal cysteine proteases. Using selective protease inhibitors and protease-deficient cell lines, we identified an ...

The cos sites in λ and 21 chromosomes contain binding sites that recruit terminase to initiate DNA packaging. The small subunits of terminase, gpNu1 (λ) and gp1 (21), have winged helix-turn-helix DNA binding domains, where the recognition helixes differ in four of nine residues. To initiate packaging, the small subunit binds three R sequences in the cosB subsite. λ and 21 cannot package each ot...

OBJECTIVE To determine the Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) virus M segement glycoprotein's immunoinformatic parameters, and identify Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) class I binders as candidates for synthetic peptide vaccines. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY Combined Military Hospital, Khuzdar Cantt, in May 2015. METHODOLOGY Data acquisition, antigenic...

This study examined the bacterial and archaeal diversity from a worldwide range of wetlands soils and sediments using a meta-analysis approach. All available 16S rRNA gene sequences recovered from wetlands in public databases were retrieved. In November 2012, a total of 12677 bacterial and 1747 archaeal sequences were collected in GenBank. All the bacterial sequences were assigned into 6383 ope...

In this study, release of abundant amounts of the Ebola virus (EBOV) surface glycoprotein GP in a soluble form from virus-infected cells was investigated. We demonstrate that the mechanism responsible for the release of GP is ectodomain shedding mediated by cellular sheddases. Proteolytic cleavage taking place at amino-acid position D637 removes the transmembrane anchor and liberates complexes ...