in today’s dynamic market, organizations must be adaptive to market fluctuations. in addition, studies show that material-handling cost makes up between 20 and 50 percent of the total operating cost. therefore, this paper considers the problem of arranging and rearranging, when there are changes in product mix and demand, manufacturing facilities such that the sum of material handling and rearr...

People are very sensitive to physical events occurring around them... We know that one solid object cannot merge into another; We make decisions about the properties of objects based on the way in which they interact with each other; We judge whether objects are animate or inanimate depending on whether we perceive them as moving of their own volition, or being "caused" to move by another objec...

The rst part of this paper provides rigorous deenitions for several basic concepts underlying the design of dependable programs, such as speciication, program semantics, exception, program correctness, robustness, failure, fault, and error. The second part investigates what it means to handle exceptions in modular programs structured as hierarchies of data abstractions. The problems to be solve...