background: the concentrations of heavy metals in the tissues and organs of fishes indicate the concentrations of heavy metals in water and their accumulation in food chains. in the present study, the concentrations of zn, cu, cd, ni, v and pb in three common species of fish and the potential health risks to local residents via consumption of the fishes were estimated.  methods: the concentrati...

background: various chemicals are used to produce polymers ,leakage of polymer materials over the time , can cause health problems the aim of this research was to evaluate the leakage of heavy metals from the pvc and polypropylene pipes used in the water distribution system in isfahan. methods: four brands of pp pipes and two various types of pvc pipes were analyzed in this study. concentration...

During the drilling process and transport of crude oil, water mixes with the petroleum. At oil terminals, the water settles to the bottom of storage tanks. This drainage water is contaminated with emulsified oil and water-soluble hydrocarbons and must be treated before it can be released into the environment. In this study, we tested the efficiency of a continuous flow, two-stage bioreactor for...

With the increasing deterioration of world water resources, configuring a technical and economic viable wastewater treatment and recycle technology to satisfying the increasing complexity of wastewater and stringent environmental regulation has been a great challenge over the past decades. Developing reliable technologies for wastewater treatment is of urgent importance. In recent years, anaero...

Fat-containing food waste can be effectively treated in a new type of reactor, the so-called BIOPAQ-Anaerobic Flotation Reactor or BIOPAQ(®) anaerobic flotation reactor (AFR). In the reactor a flotation unit is integrated to retain the sludge. In this study results from two plants with a 430 and 511 m(3)-AFR, respectively, are presented. In one reactor, which is fed with water originating from ...

The Transpiring Wall Reactor (TWR) is a promising reactor developed for the Supercritical Water Oxidation (SCWO) process in order to overcome salt deposition and corrosion problems. The TWR consists of a reaction chamber surrounded by a wall through which clean water circulates, forming a cool, protective film against corrosive agents, salt deposition and scaling and high temperatures. The Univ...

Probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) is the most effective and efficient tool for safety and risk management in nuclear power plants (NPP). PSA studies not only evaluate risk/safety of systems but also their results are very useful in safe, economical and effective design and operation of NPPs. The latter application is popularly known as ‘‘Risk-Informed Decision Making’’. Evaluation of techni...

Increasing complexity in reactor designs suggests a need to reexamine of methods applied in spent-fuel characterization. The ability to accurately predict the nuclide composition of depleted reactor fuel is important in a wide variety of applications. These applications include, but are not limited to, the design, licensing, and operation of commercial/research reactors and spent-fuel transport...

The chemical composition, hydrolysis products, and kinetics during liquid hot water pretreatment of sweet sorghum bagasse (SSB) and eucalyptus wood chips (EWC) were investigated. Under optimal conditions, a total xylose recovery of 79.6% and 55.6% for SSB and of 74.9% and 84.4% for EWC was achieved after pretreatments in a step-change flow rate reactor (184 °C, 20 ml/min, 8 min, and 10 ml/min, ...