Owing to a long-term, extensive development model and inadequate industrial planning, cases of atmospheric environment pollution frequently occur in Hebei province. By using such approaches as the Spatial Gini Coefficient, Herfindahl–Hirschman Index location entropy, this paper analyzes spatial-distribution characteristics pollution-intensive industries thermal power industry As shown, industri...

Purpose The relationship between real exchange rate and services export diversification is at the heart of this study. Design/methodology/approach analysis performed using a sample 113 countries over period 1985–2014, 2-step system Generalized Method Moments (GMM) approach. uses both Theil index Herfindahl–Hirschman concentration. Findings shows that full sample, effective appreciation induces ...

It is insufficient for policymakers to focus solely on resolving production issues without considering their marketing in order secure food security. This study, therefore, analyzed plantain the Ilorin metropolis of Kwara state, Nigeria. The study specifically looked at socioeconomic characteristics marketers area, assessed market margin and efficiency marketers, identified local structure, fac...

Abstract Previous estimates indicate that COVID-19 led to a large drop in the number of operating businesses early pandemic, but surprisingly little is known on whether these shutdowns turned into permanent closures and small were disproportionately hit. This paper provides first analysis business using confidential administrative firm-level panel data covering universe filing sales taxes from ...

To evaluate changes to hop industry concentration and competitiveness the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) was used. The ownership of proprietary varieties, their acreage production were compared with public varieties. Market share for each variety calculated between 2000 2020. quantity land under centralized control in U.S. due increased 2020 quantified. Assuming tacit collusion participants o...

This paper estimates effects of e-cigarette taxes enacted in eight states and two large counties on prices, sales, sales other tobacco products. We use NielsenIQ Retail Scanner data from 2011 to 2017, comprising approximately 35,000 retailers nationally, develop a method standardize since adopting localities have taxed these products heterogeneous ways. estimate tax-to-price pass-through rate 1...

The last few years have witnessed a rapid development in digital finance that may threaten the manner which traditional financial services are being used. It opens up new opportunities for low-income groups and small businesses limited or no access to formal services. Thus, inclusion plays vital role boosting country’s inclusion, fulfilling some sustainable goals achieving higher economic growt...

Purpose While existing research explores the impact of audit market competition on fees and quality, there is limited investigation into how in influences auditors' writing style. This study examines relationship between readability reports Iran, where particularly intense, especially among private firms. Design/methodology/approach The sample comprises 1,050 firm-year observations Iran from 20...