until now many studies have been done over recent decades throughout the world to show the right age to start english. in iran, research is still at an early stage in terms of evaluating teachers’ beliefs about teaching children english. the problem of at what age to start teaching english and how to teach english to elementary school children has not been solved neither in this country nor els...

Background and Aim: To understand veterans’ needs and to make future generations familiar with the culture of self-sacrifice and martyrdom, we need a database to store information. The first step for designing a base is to provide a conceptual framework of the base. This study aims to provide a conceptual model to create the national base of veterans in Iran.  Materials and Methods: This resea...

the application of a comprehensive model of communicative language ability (cla) to language teaching and testing has always been an imperative in l2 education since hymess proposal of communicative competence in the 1970s. recent l2 research has clearly underscored the importance of sufficient pragmatics representation as an essential component of cla in pedagogical and testing practices in l2...

From among art history written sources in Iran, one can enumerate two prefaces in the Safavid era were written by a decade interval. One preamble is Doust Mohammad Gvashany’s on Bahram Mirza Album (952 AH) and the other is that written by Qutb al-Din Muhammad Shah Tahmasp Album (964 AH). Many authors in the Safavid era, exploited directly and/or indirectly these two prefaces ‘ conte...

abstract this study investigated the predictability of variables from a motivational framework as well as individuals qualities to predict three non-linguistic outcomes of language learning. gardners socio-educational model with its measures has been used in the current study. individual qualities presented in this study include (1) age, (2) gender, and (3) language learning experience. the...

abstract: country’s fiber optic network, as one of the most important communication infrastructures, is of high importance; therefore, ensuring security of the network and its data is essential. no remarkable research has been done on assessing security of the country’s fiber optic network. besides, according to an official statistics released by ertebatat zirsakht company, unwanted disconnec...

Today, in different sciences extended studies have been done about fluctuations' values, during the history of civilization's evolution and decay. These studies are fulfilling for explaining the last work and the new artistic ideals. Even though there is a variety of researches but in our country it's not current. Studying the history without influencing deep inner value layers - as is formal t...