food security in the world that water shortages are faced is very important, especially in arid regions. effects of climate change on agricultural water requirement have doubled this importance. in this study, the risk of water demand has been assessed for a wide range of products under climate change. aogcm models have been used to simulate climate variables. the climate change scenarios of cl...

By John R. Shepperd There are medical mishaps that have been deemed “Never Events” by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). This term refers generally to preventable occurrences so egregious that they should never occur. But they do occur. And when they do, litigation often follows. This article focuses on one such Never Event—the operating room fire—with strategies on how to defe...

AbstractBackground: We investigated longitudinally the prevalence of smoking according to three stages of smoking (never smoking, experimenting the smoking, and regular smoking), the rates of transition from one stage to another one, and determinant predictors of transition through these stages of smoking.Methods: Of all 10th grade students in Tabriz, 1785 students were randomly selected and as...

BACKGROUND There are two main surgical approaches, simple ulnar nerve decompression at the elbow, and anterior transposition of the nerve in treatment of cubital tunnel syndrome. Both techniques were reported in literature in details with similar reported success rates. Here, we present a modified simple de-compression surgical technique in treatment of cubital tunnel syndrome. METHODS Fifty...

the entire land in the southern iran faces problems arising out of various types of land degradation, of which the vegetation type forms one of the major ones. the payab basin (522,470 ha), which covers the lower reaches of mond river, was chosen for a test risk assessment of this type. the different kinds of data for indicators of vegetation degradation were taken from the records and publishe...

Due to the new regulatory guidelines known as Basel II for banking and Solvency 2 for insurance, the financial industry is looking for qualitative approaches to and quantitative models for operational risk. Whereas a full quantitative approach may never be achieved, in this paper we present some techniques from probability and statistics which no doubt will prove useful in any quantitative mode...

in order to use an islamic financial instrument, this paper intends to measure and evaluate negative and positive deviations from target rate of return in investment opportunity evaluation,that leads to presenting an upside potential- adjusted risk measure. this risk measure named upside potential adjusted risk measure (alpm) is generally applicable and provides assumptions of variance, downsid...

BACKGROUND Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has never been reported in Denmark, but it has been found in Europe, Asia and North America. Ultimately, PEDV has been associated with devastating outbreaks in pig farms. We developed a stochastic simulation model to carry out a quantitative risk assessment and to estimate the annual probability (PPlasma) of introducing PEDV into the Danish pig ...