Concentrating models of the renal inner medulla can be classified according to external free-energy balance into passive models (positive values) and models that require an external energy source (negative values). Here we introduce an online computational tool that implements the equations of Stephenson and colleagues (Stephenson JL, Tewarson RP, Mejia R. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 71: 1618-1622, ...

The acquisition of increased adipose tissue mass in man occurs during prolonged periods of positive energy balance. Normally, energy homeostasis in children and adults is regulated strictly and the energy stores are kept within the defined age-dependent physiological range. Susceptibility to definitive increases in the level of energy balance during times of reduced energy consumption or increa...

The health problem of obesity and its related disorders highlights the need for understanding the components and pathways that regulate lipid metabolism. Because energy balance is maintained by a complex regulatory network, the use of a powerful genetic model like C. elegans can complement studies on mammalian physiology by offering new opportunities to identify genes and dissect complicated re...

The recent penetration of renewable sources in the energy system caused a transformation of the needs of the distribution system and amplified the need of energy storage systems to properly balance the electricity grid. Among electrochemical energy storage devices, all vanadium flow batteries are those of the most promising technologies due to their high efficiency, long lifetime, reliability a...

Energy, water, and food are facing present and future challenges triggered by climate change, population growth, human behavior, and economics. Management strategies for energy, water, and food are possible through policies, technology, and related education. However, the links between resources (energy, water, and food) and impacting factors (population increase, human behavior, economics, and...

This paper proposes a thin layer depth-averaged two-phase model provided by a dissipative energy balance to describe avalanches of solid-fluid mixtures. This model is derived from a 3D two-phase model based on the equations proposed by Jackson [R. Jackson, The Dynamics of Fluidized Particles, 2000] which takes into account the force of buoyancy and the forces of interaction between the solid an...

Daisyworld is a simple mathematical model of a planetary system that exhibits self-regulation due to the nature of feedback between life and its environment. A two-box Daisyworld is developed that shares a number of features with energy balance climate models. Such climate models have been used to explore the hypothesis that non-equilibrium, dissipative systems such as planetary atmospheres are...

This discussion paper is/has been under review for the journal Geoscientific Model Development (GMD). Please refer to the corresponding final paper in GMD if available. Abstract Cities impact both local climate, through urban heat islands, and global climate, because they are an area of heavy greenhouse gas release into the atmosphere due to heating, air conditioning and traffic. Including more...