Synopsis The hydration behavior of Portland cement and C 3 S with and without stress applied were studied at water to solid (w/s) ratios of 0.35 and 0.50. A greater degree of hydration and denser microstructure were obtained with hydration under stress at an early stage of the hydration process, normally within 48 hours. This observation was confirmed by the determination and comparison of CH c...

Calcium aluminates (CA) are the most important hydraulically setting cements used for preparing refractory castables, because they develop high strength at very early ages after placements.  The anhydrous phases of this kind of cements are CA, CA2 and traces of C12A7 and alpha-alumina. The major hydraulic phase in all of the CA cements including ciment fondu...

Cement manufacture has undergone extensive change in its attempts to rise to the successive challenges posed by society. The hydration of Portland cement is a complex phenomenon that depends on both reagent characteristics and reaction conditions. It is a well-known fact that the curing temperature plays an important role on the hydration kinetics. The present study is the first to be undertake...

Understanding the effect of two-phase flow in the components of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) is crucial to water management and subsequently to their performance. The local water saturation in the gas diffusion layer (GDL) and reactant channels influences the hydration of the membrane which has a direct effect on the PEMFC performance. Mass transport resistance includes contribu...

Protein kinases are central targets for drug-based cancer treatment. To avoid functional impairment, the cell develops mechanisms of drug resistance, primarily based on adaptive mutations. Redesigning a drug to target a drug-resistant mutant kinase constitutes a therapeutic challenge. We approach the problem by redesigning the anticancer drug imatinib guided by local changes in interfacial de-w...

We report a 59-year-old man with diabetic lipemia associated with acute pancreatitis. The patient was being treated for type 2 diabetes, but his glycemic control was poor. Although his insulin secretory activity was preserved, acute pancreatitis developed because of hypertriglyceridemia and the patient had type V hyperlipidemia. After hospitalization, his hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia improv...

Protein hydration is essential to its structure, dynamics, and function, but water-protein interactions have not been directly observed in real time at physiological temperature to our awareness. By using a tryptophan scan with femtosecond spectroscopy, we simultaneously measured the hydration water dynamics and protein side-chain motions with temperature dependence. We observed the heterogeneo...

This article focuses on the hydration, and associated microstructure development, of b-hemihydrate to dihydrate (gypsum). The sound velocity is used to quantify the composition of the fresh slurry as well as the hardening and hardened—porous—material. Furthermore, an overview of available hydration kinetic and volumetric models for gypsum is addressed. The presented models predict the sound vel...

It is well known that graphene (G) induces nanotoxicity towards living organisms. Here, a novel and biocompatible hydrated graphene ribbon (HGR) unexpectedly promoted aged (two years) seed germination. HGR formed at the normal temperature and pressure (120 days hydration), presented 17.1% oxygen, 0.9% nitrogen groups, disorder-layer structure, with 0.38 nm thickness ribbon morphology. Interesti...