Histiocytic sarcoma (HS) represents a rare type of malignant disease, characterized by neoplastic proliferation interstitial dendritic cells (iDCs). In rabbits, there are only two previous reports HS with pulmonary and cutaneous primary localizations. A 2-year-old, male, European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) clinical history chronic respiratory distress progressive weight loss was necropsied....

Somatic mutation of Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) at the locus of R132 (IDH1 (R132H)) occurs in > 70% of WHO grade II-III gliomas and secondary glioblastomas. To date it remains unknown whether the mutation is restricted to glial tumor cells. Microglial cells are the resident macrophages in the central nervous system. Tumor-infiltrating microglial cells/macrophages are major stromal cellula...

Minocycline is a broad-spectrum tetracycline antibiotic. A number of preclinical studies have shown that minocycline exhibits neuroprotective effects in various animal models of neurological diseases. However, it remained unknown whether minocycline is effective to prevent neuron loss. To systematically evaluate its effects, minocycline was used to treat Dicer conditional knockout (cKO) mice wh...

In the recent years it has been confirmed that the main component of the immune response in an injury of the nerve cell comes from microglia and macrophages. The main challenge in the field of microglia research is to detect the different stages of cellular activation by visualization of the cell morphology. The existing visualization techniques are based on surface molecules expression in rest...

Olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) were infected upon intranasal inoculation with the R404BP strain of neurovirulent influenza A virus. Virus-infected neurons and a small fraction of neighbouring uninfected neurons displayed apoptotic neurodegeneration substantiated by the immunohistochemistry for activated caspase-3 molecules and the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-...

In mammalians, toll-like receptors (TLR) signal-transduction pathways induce the expression of a variety of immune-response genes, including inflammatory cytokines. It is therefore plausible to assume that TLRs are mediators in glial cells triggering the release of cytokines that ultimately kill DA neurons in the substantia nigra in Parkinson disease (PD). Accordingly, recent data indicate that...

Gross lesions characterized by swollen livers and spleens accompanied by diffuse white miliary spots, which resembled those of Marek's disease, were detected in two flocks of local meat-type chickens at a Japanese poultry processing plant in June and August 2010. The microscopic examinations revealed proliferative foci consisting of spindle or polymorphic cells in the interstitium of livers, sp...

Functional studies of resident microglia require molecular tools for their genetic manipulation. Here we show that microRNA-9-regulated lentiviral vectors can be used for the targeted genetic modification of resident microglia in the rodent brain. Using transgenic reporter mice, we demonstrate that murine microglia lack microRNA-9 activity, whereas most other cells in the brain express microRNA...