Farming activities cause particles such as soil dust and plant material to be emitted into the air. Some of these aerosols can become ice nucleating (INPs), serving seeds for mixed-phase clouds. While there have been ground-based studies in western Great Plains a single air-based study Indiana, is distinct lack Midwest. In over two-thirds state farmland, with 75% land Tippecanoe County used agr...

The freezing behaviour studies of dormant buds, were examined, employing scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light microscopy. The differences and effect of freezing behaviour on dormant buds were observed. The dormant bud primordia of several woody plant species avoid freezing injury by deep supercooling. By slow cooling (5C/day) of dormant buds to –30C, all living cells in bud tissues exhi...

Publications of recent years dealing with laboratory experiments of immersion freezing reveal uncertainties about the fundamentals of heterogeneous freezing nucleation. While it appears well accepted that there are two major factors that determine the process, namely fluctuations in the size and configuration of incipient embryos of the solid phase and the role of the substrate to aid embryo fo...

Magnetic nanoparticles based on Fe3O4 were prepared by a facile and rapid one-pot solvothermal synthesis using FeCl3·6H2O as a source of iron ions, ethylene glycol as a solvent and NH4Ac, (NH4)2CO3, NH4HCO3 or aqueous NH3 as precipitating and nucleating agents. In contrast to previous reports we reduce the synthesis time to 30 minutes using a pressurized microwave reactor without the requiremen...

Abstract. Asian dust is an important source of atmospheric ice-nucleating particles (INPs). However, the freezing activity airborne dust, especially its sensitivity to particle size, poorly understood. In this study we report first INP measurement size-resolved mineral collected during East events. The measured total concentrations in immersion mode ranged from 10?2 102 L?1 events at temperatur...