introduction: recently, consumers have directed their interest towards low fat products as they associated them with a reduced risk of well-known health problems such as obesity and coronary heart diseases. fat is a multifunctional ingredient in ice cream system. thus, in attempts to provide desirable flavor and physical characteristics of full fat ice cream, manufactures looking for fat replac...

The efficacy of ingestion of ice slurry on actual outdoor endurance performance is unknown. This study aimed to investigate ice slurry ingestion as a cooling intervention before a 10 km outdoor running time-trial. Twelve participants ingested 8 g · kg (- 1) of either ice slurry ( - 1.4°C; ICE) or ambient temperature drink (30.9°C; CON) and performed a 15-min warm-up prior to a 10 km outdoor run...

We present a study of the electron-stimulated desorption of deuterium cations ~D ) from thin ~1–40 ML! D 2O ice films vapor deposited on a Pt~111! substrate. Measurements of the total yield and velocity distributions as a function of temperature from 90 to 200 K show that the D yield changes with film thickness, surface temperature, and ice phase. We observe two energy thresholds for cation emi...

We have studied spin relaxation in the spin ice compound Dy2Ti2O7 through measurements of the ac magnetic susceptibility. While the characteristic spin-relaxation time (tau) is thermally activated at high temperatures, it becomes almost temperature independent below T(cross) approximately 13 K. This behavior, combined with nonmonotonic magnetic field dependence of tau, indicates that quantum tu...

This discussion paper is/has been under review for the journal Climate of the Past (CP). Please refer to the corresponding final paper in CP if available. Abstract Accumulation and δ 18 O data from Alpine ice cores provide information on past temperature and precipitation. However, their correlation with seasonal or annual mean temperature and precipitation at nearby sites is often low. Based o...

[1] Abrupt, switch-like, changes in sea ice cover are proposed as a mechanism for the large-amplitude abrupt warming that seemed to have occurred after each Heinrich event. Sea ice changes are also used to explain the colder-than-ambient glacial conditions around the time of the glacier discharge. The abrupt warming events occur in this mechanism, owing to rapid sea ice melting which warmed the...

Snowpack evolution and glacier ice surface temperatures were studied on the Indren glacier (Northwestern Alps, Italy) under different meteorological conditions: in winter 2002–2003, rich in snow from the beginning of the season, and in winter 2005– 2006, poor in snow until February. Periodical snow profiles were made to measure the physical properties of snow, while data loggers measured the sn...

We present a discussion of approximations to the temperature dependent part of the rheology of ice. We have constructed deformation maps using the superplastic rheology of Goldsby & Kohlstedt, 2001, and find that the rheologies that control convective flow in the Europa's are likely grain boundary sliding (Q*=49 kJ/mol, n=1.8, p=1.4) and basal slip (Q*=60 kJ/mol, n=2.4) for a range of grain siz...