This paper examines linear income taxation in a model where preferences over relative consumption are only exhibited by some individuals in the population. This heterogeneity in preferences generates several interesting issues in the optimal tax context. We analyze cases where the tax authority (1) uses a non-welfarist objective (one which places variable weight on the welfare of relatively-con...

one of the most important characteristics of the eternal religion is the adaptation of its decrees with the changes of the human’s life in the transition of time. so, it is necessary for us to review the second decrees as the flexible dimensions of the decrees. according to the causes of some decrees’ change, altering the decree’s subject leads to the change of the primitive decrees into the se...

Primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PENETs) is an uncommon malignancy of bone and soft tissue witch rarely occurs in the kidney. In more than 90% of the cases, the tumor cells relieves a balanced translocation (11; 22) (q24; q12). Immunohistochemical staining may be required for diagnosis of PENET. The cells of tumor express CD99, vimentin, NSE, FL1 but do not express Ck, LCA, myogenin, and WT1. W...

The primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) belongs to a group of highly malignant tumors and is composed of small round cells of a neuroectodermal origin. Categorized in the same tumor family as Ewing sarcoma, the PNET is most likely to occur in bones and soft tissues. However, a small number of PNET cases arising in the pelvis have been reported as well. We present three cases of pelvic PNET: ...

It is a widely accepted doctrine in epistemology that knowledge has greater value than mere true belief. But although epistemologists regularly pay homage to this doctrine, evidence for it is shaky. Is it based on evidence that ordinary people on the street make evaluative comparisons of knowledge and true belief, and consistently rate the former ahead of the latter? Do they reveal such a prefe...