Short-term (days to weeks) geomagnetic forecasts are valuable for a variety of public and private sector endeavors. However, forecast skill, as measured by the success of predicting geomagnetic indices, is disappointing, especially for disturbed conditions. Possible reasons for this lack of proficiency include an incomplete understanding of the solar origins of interplanetary disturbances, insu...

Kp and Ap indices covering the period 1932 to 1995 are analysed in a fashion similar to that attempted by Bartels for the 1932±1961 epoch to examine the time variations in their characteristics. Modern analysis techniques on the extended data base are used for further insight. The relative frequencies of occurrence of Kp with di€erent magnitudes and the seasonal and solar cycle dependences are ...

Apart from the rapid ionospheric response to geomagnetic forcing originating Sun during extreme space weather events, lower atmosphere below still exerts a significant influence on ionosphere quiet-time conditions. This study examines of equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) in American sector combined cascades sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) events and storms that coexisted with them period J...

The energetic events on the sun, solar wind and subsequent effects on the Earth’s geomagnetic field and upper atmosphere (ionosphere) comprise space weather. Modern navigation systems that use radio-wave signals, reflecting from or propagating through the ionosphere as a means of determining range or distance, are vulnerable to a variety of effects that can degrade the performance of the naviga...

We quantify the short-term (<30 day) variability of column O/N 2 measured by GOLD from January 2019 to August 2022 for various geomagnetic activity conditions. find enhanced variabilities at high latitudes during active (Kp ≥ 3.0) times and weak but statistically significant low latitudes. For times, largest absolute ratio is 0.14 relative 20.6% ∼60.0°N in Fall, which are about twice tho...

In this paper, we forecast the regional total electron content (TEC) over China (0–60° N, 70–140° E) two hours in advance using a deep learning method called pix2pixhd that is based on Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN). We use International GNSS Service (IGS) TEC maps during 2003–2018 period for training and divide data into three parts: set (2003–2013), test (2014–2017), validation (2018)....