pessimism, a phenomenon of deep effect over the contemporary poetry, both arabic and persian, usually enjoys a widespread usage in the periods of social, political and economic disorders which, in turn, affect the poets’ views and change their visions toward the real. elias abu-shabaka and hushang ebtehaj are the poets of a modern disorderly era and environment. they both display a deep pessimi...

This paper attempted to illuminate the importance of social competence for elementary school teacher in rural mountain environment. The author analyzes the essential features, social and pedagogical challenges in rural schools, sensible changes characteristic of the modern village. Special attention is paid to the rural mountain school as a center of educational and social activities, its pecul...

The historically prevailing view in the network literature has been that relationships within networks develop gradually and cumulatively over time, with power playing what might be termed a ‘concrete’ role in such a process, based primarily on identifiable resource dependencies. The concept of (Foucauldian) ‘system power’, beginning to emerge in the management and organisation literature, is n...

The importance of the front-end decision-making phase in projects is increasingly recognised. This area is under-represented in the literature, but there are some key issues during this stage. This paper looks at some of these themes, including: the need for alignment between organisational strategy and the project concept; dealing with complexity, particularly systemicity and interrelatedness ...

21th century has been named as Participation century. Therefore, the future complicated world will request in empowering the people and their active Participation in all arena. According to this fact, the world will be able to pass the future complications just via the Participation of Active people. Among then, the Participation expansion in passing societies, which had less activities in Part...

mohaghegh-esabzevarididthemostseriouscontemplations over political life in the safavid era, discussing various political systems from a pragmatic view point. social life, law, just ruler, the objectives of state, utopian political system, defective political system, the charactristics of ruling system, the types of social classes and guilds, the organization of state, emphasis on the asceticism...