this world; though all the discussions are focused on the causal relationships in allthe scientific arguments. One of the methods to study the designed causal relationshipsobjectively is Granger causality test. This paper aims to investigate the longtermcausal relationship between the stock price and dividends. The statisticalpopulation includes 180 active companies in Stock Exchange of Tehran ...

Overview: Business leaders often consider digital technologies an enabler of new business models and market opportunities, but they overlook their potential impact on the entire value chain. Considering three Industry 4.0 technologies—big data analytics cloud computing, track tracing, simulation modeling software—we identify opportunities challenges that emerge in context managing supply chain ...

BACKGROUND Charities exist to pursue a public benefit, whereas corporations serve the interests of their shareholders. The alcohol industry uses corporate social responsibility activities to further its interests in influencing alcohol policy. Many charities also seek to influence alcohol and other policy. The aim of this study was to explore relationships between the alcohol industry and chari...

Recent policy emphases on the knowledge economy and innovation in Australia and internationally have linked research, including higher degree research, to broader goals of knowledge transfer involving the translation of knowledge to domains outside the university where it can be taken up and applied. Research in this area has focused on various aspects of university-industry relationships with ...

Previous research of inter-organizational relations suggests that they are too complex to grasp in terms of simple, linear effects from independent on dependent variables. Many variables are involved, and most of them influence each other, in circular causality. The central reason for this is that enduring, fruitful relations are based on interaction and mutual dependence. This paper employs th...