The Extraordinary Magnetoresistance (EMR) effect is a change in the resistance of a device upon the application of a magnetic field in hybrid structures, consisting of a semiconductor and a metal. The underlying principle of this phenomenon is a change of the current path in the hybrid structure upon application of a magnetic field, due to the Lorentz force. Specifically, the ratio of current, ...

From 1975 to 2005, the variance in incomes of American families with children increased by two-thirds. Labor market studies of the growth in inequality emphasize the rising pay of college graduates, while demographers study changes in family structure. We join these lines of research by viewing income inequality as the product of the distribution of earnings in the labor market and the pooling ...

background: gender inequality harms the health of millions of women and girls in all over the world. this study aimed to identify the state of gender equity in the health sector of the islamic republic of iran.   methods: this study was based on the secondary analysis of the available data in four provinces. the research team held three sessions to select the appropriate indicators for measurin...