The ipRGCs in the human eye mediate several effects on people, such as alertness and circadian rhythms. spectral, temporal spatial characteristics of light influence magnitude these effects. To facilitate anticipation ipRGC-influenced (IIL) responses building design, new simulation tools are needed. This paper presents an extension to open-access tool Lark , available a plugin Grasshopper for R...

Language and nationalism are closely linked, and this paper examines the relationship between the two. Nationalism is seen to be a powerful force which is capable of using language for political purposes, and the field of linguistics has developed terminology with which the interface of language and nationalism maybe studied. Using this background, the language situation in Croatia may be exami...

Gaze perception has been thought to be stimulus-driven. This view is challenged by a new demonstration that a gaze direction aftereffect can be influenced by beliefs about the gazer's ability to see.

The manager, by evolving the policies that guide decision making, designs a corporate system. Such systems have a feedback loop structure that determines the growth and stability of the enterprise. The complexity of these systems usually precludes intuitive determination of how a policy change will affect the total system. A simulation model of the feedback structure and policies allows one to ...

BACKGROUND Rhythm disturbances are a frequent clinical manifestation of depression. In recent years a possible relationship between depression and chronotypes has emerged. Specifically eveningness has been proposed as vulnerability factor. The aim of this study was to describe sleep features of depressed patients according to chronotypes and to explore possible associations with the clinical fe...

The diversity and habitat requirements of invertebrates associated with dead wood have been the subjects of hundreds of studies in recent years but we still know very little about the ecological or economic importance of these organisms. The purpose of this review is to examine whether, how and to what extent invertebrates affect wood decomposition in terrestrial ecosystems. Three broad conclus...

We study the influence of thermal fluctuations on the dewetting dynamics of thin liquid films. Starting from the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with thermal noise, we derive a fourth-order degenerate parabolic stochastic partial differential equation which includes a conservative, multiplicative noise term—the stochastic thin-film equation. Technically, we rely on a long-wave-approximat...

BACKGROUND It is well established that foveating a behaviorally relevant part of the visual field improves localization performance as compared to the situation where the gaze is directed elsewhere. Reduced localization performance in the peripheral encoding conditions has been attributed to an eccentricity-dependent increase in positional uncertainty. It is not known, however, whether and how ...

The recognition of spatial structures is important for color constancy because we cannot identify an object's color under different illuminations without knowing which space it is in and how that space is illuminated. To show the importance of the natural structure of environments on color constancy, we investigated the way in which color appearance was affected by unnatural viewing conditions ...