As documented in medical literature and through the mass media over the past decade, patients have been harmed or even died in their hospital beds due to undetected respiratory depression after receiving opioids for pain management. Yet, still today, some healthcare providers—following the standard of practice for their institution—miss the signs of respiratory depression. Their patients suffer...

A mobile computer operates on a finite battery power that represents one of the greatest limitation to the utility of portable computers [2,6]. Projections on progress in battery technology show that only small improvements in the battery capacity are expected in next future [16]. If the battery capacity cannot be improved, it is vital that power utilization is managed efficiently by identifyin...

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is one consisting of a set of mobile hosts which can operate independently without infrastructure base stations. Power saving is a critical issue for MANET since most mobile hosts will be operated by battery power. In this paper, we propose an architecture for power-saving communications in an IEEE 802.11-based MANETs. Our solutions are derived by exploiting the ...

To meet policy requirements on increased transport energy efficiency and reduced emissions, smart control and management of vehicles and fleets have become important for the development of eco-friendly intelligent transportation systems (ITS). The emergence of new information and communication technologies and their applications, particularly vehicleto-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure comm...

agriculture is an important engine of growth and poverty reduction in much of africa, nigeria inclusive. but the sector is underperforming in part because women, who are often crucial resource in agriculture and rural economy, face constraints that reduce their productivity. an understanding of these constraints is a prerequisite to devising policies to improve agricultural production and produ...

due to shortage of precipitation and the spatial and periodical disparity of rainfalls, iran iscounted among the arid and semi-arid countries of the world, and therefore the water utilities have put thecontrol of consumption and efficient use of water high on their priorities. water consumption management isconsidered as a field of energy management, and the impacts of effective measure related...