Our aim is to expand the regulative ideal governing consent. We argue that consent should not only be informed but also based on rational beliefs. We argue that holding true beliefs promotes autonomy. Information is important insofar as it helps a person to hold the relevant true beliefs. But in order to hold the relevant true beliefs, competent people must also think rationally. Insofar as inf...

the urban open space is the context in which the human activities and behavior takes place and the socio-cultural relations of people happen in it. public spaces are places responding to the daily needs and public life in cities. these spaces throughout time and based on the socio-cultural and economic conditions would transform. urban spaces also are places for various activities. in a simple ...

Antidepressants and bioenhancement technologies raise special concerns both for those who use them and those who don't about who we are and how we should treat ourselves. In this dissertation, I confront these concerns by asking and answering two ethical questions about different forms of self-treatment. These are: 1. Is antidepressant use morally problematic insofar as it is self-objectifying?...

This paper presents the concepts of $(L,M)$-fuzzy Q-convergence spaces and stratified $(L,M)$-fuzzy Q-convergence spaces. It is shown that the category of stratified $(L,M)$-fuzzy Q-convergence spaces is a bireflective subcategory of the category of $(L,M)$-fuzzy Q-convergence spaces, and the former is a Cartesian-closed topological category. Also, it is proved that the category of stratified $...

This chapter focuses on the World Wide Web (Web) as a provider of shared information landscapes. It reviews our work to design 3D spaces for information navigation and social interaction, and suggests an approach to such design based on an experiential theory of meaning. The increasing use of virtual 3D space in information environments is noted, and Personal Spaces are contrasted with Public P...

This paper,  applies the concept  of KM-fuzzy metric spaces and  introduces a novel concept of KM-fuzzy metric  graphs based on KM-fuzzy metric spaces.  This study, investigates the finite KM-fuzzy metric spaces with respect to metrics and KM-fuzzy metrics and constructs KM-fuzzy metric spaces on any given non-empty sets. It tries to  extend   the concept of KM-fuzzy metric spaces to  a larger ...

In this paper, we introduce the notion of probabilistic valued measures as a generalization of non-negative measures and construct the corresponding Lp spaces, for distributions p > "0. It is alsoshown that if the distribution p satises p "1 then, as in the classical case, these spaces are completeprobabilistic normed spaces.

question of quantity and quality of built spaces and meanings and implications inherent them, have always at the forefront of architectural researches. meanwhile, “approach to cognition” of the phenomenon of built space as well as “means of cognition” is the difference of researches and it is in question. one of the epistemology on recognition of objects which introduced in 20th century and emb...

As a counterpart to best approximation, a new kind of approximation, called best coapproximation was introduced in normed linear spaces by C. Franchetti and M. Furi. In this paper, we use this coapproximation to prove some results on the existence and uniqueness of best coapproximation in quotient spaces when the underlying spaces are metric linear spaces. We shall also see how coproximinality ...