Objective Background and Objectives: Paraquat (PQ) is a herbicide and is genotoxic and cytotoxic poison for male germ cells. Therefore, in this study, the protective role of Crocin (Cr) against the destructive effects of Paraquat on sperm quality and in-vitro fertilization results Paraquat was investigated. MaterialsAndMethods Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight male mice (20-25g) were used in ...

We examine the possibility that the strong CP problem is solved by stringtheoretic axions in strong-coupling limit of the E8×E 8 heterotic string theory (M -theory). We first discuss some generic features of gauge kinetic functions in compactified M -theory, and examine in detail the axion potential induced by the explicit breakings other than the QCD anomaly of the non-linear U(1)PQ symmetries...

Paraquat (PQ), as a highly effective and nonselective herbicide, induces cell apoptosis through generation of superoxide anions which forms reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mitochondria, as regulators for cellular redox signaling, have been proved to play an important role in PQ-induced cell apoptosis. This study aimed to evaluate whether and how mitochondrial fission interacts with oxidative str...

Effect of glutathione (GSH) depletion on paraquat (PQ) toxicity in the liver and kidneys of mice was examined. Glutamic-pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels in plasma of mice were hardly changed by treatment with 150 micro mol/kg of PQ. However, significant increases in the plasma GPT and BUN levels after PQ injection were observed in mice which were pretreated with ...

Paraquat (1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium chloride, PQ) is a non-selective herbicide, and PQ poisoning by accidental or intentional ingestion is a cause of numerous fatalities around the world every year. Although a great deal of research has been conducted into the development of an acceptable treatment for PQ poisoning, no effective guidelines f...

Multidrug and toxin extrusion 1 (MATE1/solute carrier 47A1) mediates cellular transport of a variety of structurally diverse compounds. Paraquat (PQ), which has been characterized in vitro as a MATE1 substrate, is a widely used herbicide and can cause severe toxicity to humans after exposure. However, the contribution of MATE1 to PQ disposition in vivo has not been determined. In the present st...

Paraquat (PQ) is a highly toxic herbicide which is able to induce pulmonary fibrosis in humans and animals. The epithelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) was demonstrated to be an important factor in pulmonary fibrosis. However, it has remained elusive whether PQ induces pulmonary fibrosis via EMT, which was therefore investigated in the present study. In addition, the underlying mechanisms of...

Plasmodium vivax is the most prevalent of the five species causing malaria in humans. The current available treatment for P. vivax malaria is limited and unsatisfactory due to at least two drawbacks: the undesirable side effects of primaquine (PQ) and drug resistance to chloroquine. Phenylalanine-alanine-PQ (Phe-Ala-PQ) is a PQ prodrug with a more favorable pharmacokinetic profile compared to P...

Paraquat (N,N-dimethyl-4-4'-bipiridinium; PQ), a widely used herbicide, when ingested accidentally or intentionally can cause major organ toxicities in lung, liver, and kidney. Because PQ is primarily eliminated in the kidney, renal elimination, including tubular transport, plays a critical role in controlling systemic exposure to the herbicide. The goal of this study was to determine the molec...

In light of the AdS/CFT correspondence, it is natural to try to define a conformal field theory in a large N , strong coupling limit via a supergravity compactification on the product of an Einstein manifold and anti-de Sitter space. We consider the fivedimensional manifolds T pq which are coset spaces (SU(2)×SU(2))/U(1). The central charge and a part of the chiral spectrum are calculated, resp...