Precipitation is influenced bymultiple large-scale natural processes.Many of these large-scale precipitation ‘‘drivers’’ are not independent of one another, which complicates attribution.Moreover, it is unclear whether natural interannual drivers alone can explain the observed longer-term precipitation trends or account for projected precipitation changes with global warming seen in climate mod...

Atmospheric heterogeneity mainly exposes itself as tropospheric-phase delay in Satellite Interferometric Synthetic Aperture radar (InSAR) observations, which smears or even overshadows the deformation component of InSAR measurements. In this study, we estimated performance four Global Models (GAMs), i.e. European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Reanalysis v5 (ERA5), ERA-Interi...

Oceanic surface pressure fields are derived from the NASA Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT) surface wind vector measurements using a two-layer similarity planetary boundary layer model in the midlatitudes and a mixed layer planetary boundary layer model in the tropics. These swath-based surface pressure fields are evaluated using the following three methods: 1) a comparison of bulk pressure gradie...

Abstract Successful weather forecasts on subseasonal time‐scales can support societal preparedness and mitigate the impacts of extreme events. Heatwaves in particular can, certain cases, be predicted several weeks advance. Heatwave predictability is commonly assessed terms heatwave intensity. In addition to intensity, we assess onset duration, which are crucial components early‐warning systems ...

BACKGROUND Although interim analysis approaches in clinical trials are widely known, information on current practice of planned monitoring is still scarce. Reports of studies rarely include details on the strategies for both data monitoring and interim analysis. The aim of this project is to investigate the forms of monitoring used in cancer clinical trials and in particular to gather informati...

Abstract We analyze global characteristics of the westward-propagating quasi-16-day wave (Q16DW) with zonal wavenumber 1 (W1) in troposphere and stratosphere using wind, meridional vertical velocity, temperature, geopotential, potential vorticity data from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Interim Re-Analysis during one year December 2012 to November 2013. The amplitude...

In this study, the authors compare six different rainfall datasets for South America with a focus on their representation of extreme rainfall during the monsoon season (December–February): the gauge-calibrated TRMM 3B42 V7 satellite product; the near-real-time TRMM 3B42 V7 RT, the GPCP 18 daily (1DD) V1.2 satellite–gauge combination product, the Interim ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim) product; ...

Continuous satellite-derived cloud records now extend over three decades, and are increasingly used for climate applications. Certain applications, such as trend detection, require a clear understanding of uncertainty as it relates to establishing statistical significance. The use of reanalysis products as sources of ancillary data could be construed as one such source of uncertainty, as there ...