We investigated how spatial pattern, background, and dynamic range affect perceived gloss in brightly lit real scenes. Observers viewed spherical objects against uniform backgrounds. There were three possible objects. Two were black matte spheres with circular matte white dots painted on them (matte-dot spheres). The third sphere was painted glossy black (glossy black sphere). Backgrounds were ...

This in vitro study evaluated the color stability, gloss, and surface roughness (Ra) of four indirect composites. Enamel and dentin shades of Radica, Sculpture Plus, Belleglass-NG, and Gradia Indirect were evaluated for color stability. Specimens were stored in a staining solution (coffee) and assessed every 3 days for a period of 21 days, after which color difference (∆E*) was calculated. Only...

In a typical interlingual machine translation (MT) system, the tasks of text planning and content selection are not explicitly performed. Rather, they are assumed to be implicit in the interlingual representation derived in the source language analysis phase. This simplifies the task of target language generation, but greatly restricts the flexibility of the resulting text. Recent MT systems ha...

We are interested in bridging the world of natural language and the world of the semantic web in particular to support multilingual access to the web of data. In this paper we introduce the ULiS project, that aims at designing a pivot-based NLP technique called Universal Linguistic System, 100% using the semantic web formalisms, and being compliant with the Meaning-Text theory. Through the ULiS...

The paper examines briefly the impact of the “statistical turn” in machine translation (MT) R&D in the last decade, and particularly the way in which it has made large scale language resources (lexicons, text corpora etc.) more important than ever before and reinforced the role of evaluation in the development of the field. But resources mean, almost by definition, co-operation between groups a...

Usually two approaches to machine translation are distinguished: the interlingual approach and the transfer approach (cf. Hutchins [i]). In the interlingual approach translation is a two-stage process: from source language to interlingua and from interlingua to target language. In the transfer approach there are three stages: source language analysiS, transfer and target language generation. Th...