The ubiquitous presence of mobile devices has led to an inevitable increase in the number of notifications. It can be very disruptive when notifications interrupt users at an inappropriate time. For example, irrelevant notifications that arrive when you are in an important meeting could be obtrusive. Therefore, when to interrupt the user becomes a defining problem in the interaction between use...

in the current engineering practices, buildings are commonly designed for an effective lifetime of 50 years. this lifetime can increase the cost of buildings with short lifetimes and can reduce the safety level of buildings with large lifetimes. in this paper, a “service-life factor” has been defined. applying this factor into the nominal values of live, earthquake, wind, and snow loads, the ef...

the new competitive environment changes the paradigm of power system operation. in the transmission area, open access process provides fair accessibility for all market participants. congestion management is one of the most important side effects of this new process. this paper proposes a new approach for congestion management which is based on both active and reactive re-dispatch of the networ...

While there is growing interest in Real Time Pricing as a competitive tool, its adoption to date has been constrained by wariness on the part of many utilities and many of their customers. That wariness is not misplaced, for Real Time Pricing is not for everyone. In order for both utilities and their customers to benefit, the pricing system must be properly tailored for, and offered to, the app...

Demand response programs are essential to enable accommodating larger shares of variable power generation based on renewable sources, the deployment which is imperative for decarbonizing economy and mitigating global warming. Consumers/prosumers increasingly exposed may benefit from time-differentiated energy prices aimed induce changes in regular consumption patterns. These also beneficial ret...

The width and energy of low-index interfacial boundaries (IFBs) in Ni–Ni3Al are calculated using first-principles methods for temperatures ranging from 0 to 1300 K. The low-temperature, coherent and chemically sharp (100), (110) and (111) IFBs are studied using conventional spin-polarized density functional methods. Cluster expansion methods, as implemented in the ATAT software suite, are used ...