This paper demonstrates that appropriate invocation of interruptible loads by the independent system operator (ISO) can aid in relieving transmission congestion in power systems. An auction model is proposed, for an ISO operating in a bilateral contract dominated market, for real-time selection of interruptible load offers while satisfying the congestion management objective. The proposed conge...

This paper presents a study about centralized management of domestic electrical demand side. The purpose of the work is to show all steps behind optimal management of a domestic user. First it is investigated which domestic devices can be managed. The choice falls on interruptible devices in order to reduce of discomfort given to inhabitants of dwellings. Then total load of interruptible device...

To ensure the stability of the power grid, backup capacities are called upon when electricity supply does not meet demand due to unexpected changes in the grid. As part of the demand response efforts in recent years, large electricity consumers are encouraged by financial incentives to provide such operating reserve in the form of load reduction capacities (interruptible load). However, a major...

The main goal of this paper is to present a new day-ahead energy acquisition model for a distribution company (Disco) in a competitive electricity market environment with Interruptible Load (IL). The work formulates the Disco energy acquisition model as a bi-level optimization problem with some of real issues, and then studies and designs a Genetic Algorithm (GA) of this optimization problem to...

In this paper security constrained unit commitment (SCUC) is employed for simultaneous clearing of energy and reserve markets. Spinning reserve of production units and interruptible loads (IL) are used as system operation reserve. Some restrictions on the use of interruptible loads, such as maximum load curtailed, maximum curtailment hour in a day, maximum length of each curtailment are also co...

Deregulation of electricity industries often poses enormous risk for retailers who must purchase electricity from spot markets at volatile prices and sell it to end-use consumers at stable retail rates. Absent any demand-side response, one recourse available to retailers in order to hedge against this exposure is to offer interruptible load (IL) contracts. These financial instruments enable the...

Since the nineties decade, many electric utilities world-wide have been restructuring their systems from vertically integrated functioning to deregulated open-market ones. In the erstwhile vertically integrated utilities, the system operator sought to maximize the social welfare with distributional equity (meeting the load at all time) as the main criteria, for the system as a whole. The operat...

From the optimization point of view, an optimum solution of the unit commitment problem with reliability constraints can be achieved when all constraints are simultaneously satisfied rather than sequentially or separately satisfying them. Therefore, the reliability constraints need to be appropriately formulated in terms of the conventional unit commitment variables. In this paper, the reli...