Carbon monoxide (CO) gas therapy demonstrates great potential to induce cancer cell apoptosis and antitumor immune responses, which exhibits tremendous in treatment. However, the therapeutic efficacy of CO is inhibited by immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Herein, a facile strategy proposed construct hollow-structured rough nanoplatforms boost immunity simultaneously reverse immuno...

Since auto-immunity may possibly be a common denominator in pernicious anaemia, thyroid dysfunction, and the rheumatic diseases, the suggested increased incidence ofpernicious anaemia in rheumatoid arthritis (Partridge and Duthie, 1963) is of considerable interest. Their figure of 1 4 per cent., which was five times higher than in their patients with other musculoskeletal disorders, was based o...

Gender differences in the immune response of insects are driven by natural selection for females and sexual selection for males. These natural forces entail a multitude of extrinsic and intrinsic factors involved in a genotype-environment interaction that results in sex-biased expression of the genes shared by males and females. However, little is known about how an infection at a particular on...

Thus far most of those procedures adopted for the production of antibody have been of an arbitrary nature with attention chiefly directed toward the quality and quantity of the antigen and the parenteral route of its introduction. It is, however, becoming more and more clear that the factors which govern the extent to which an animal of a given species will respond with elaboration of antibody ...

BACKGROUND Many human infectious diseases are caused by pathogens that have multiple strains and show oscillation in infection incidence and alternation of dominant strains which together are referred to as epidemic cycling. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of epidemic cycling is essential for forecasting outbreaks of epidemics and therefore important for public health planning. Current ...