Thermal injury historically constitutes approximately 5% to 20% of conventional warfare casualties. This article reviews medical planning for burn care during war in Iraq and experience with burns during the war at the US Army Burn Center; aboard the USNS Comfort hospital ship; and at Combat Support Hospitals in Iraq and in Afghanistan. Two burn surgeons were deployed to the military hospital i...

CONTEXT The effects of war-zone deployment on neuropsychological health remain poorly understood. Neuropsychological performance deficits serve as sensitive measures of neural dysfunction and are often associated with psychosocial and occupational problems. Previous studies have not conducted objective neuropsychological assessments both before and after a major war-zone deployment. OBJECTIVE...

Sulfur mustard or mustard gas has been widely used as a chemical weapon in the first world war and Iraq-Iran war. It causes acute and chronic complications in lungs, eyes and skin. In skin, mustard is toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic via alkylation of cellular proteins in enzymes, cell membranes, cytoplasm and particularly cell nucleus as well as in DNA components of the epidermis, dermis and...

OBJECTIVE Biased processing of emotion stimuli is thought to confer vulnerability to psychopathology, but few longitudinal studies of this link have been conducted. The authors examined the relationship between predeployment gaze bias for emotion stimuli and later symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression in soldiers deployed to Iraq. METHOD An eye-tracking paradigm was ...

Background: Mustard gas is a disabling chemical weapon and was widely used in first world war and Iraq-Iran war. Its toxic effects could be acute or chronic and they could particularly affects lungs, eyes and skin. Objective: To study the frequency of chronic complications of sulfure Mustard gas in Iranian victims 14 to 20 years after exposure. Patients and Methods: This descriptive cross-secti...

CHEMICAL WARFARE HAS EXisted for millennia. As far back as 1000 BC, the Chinese used arsenical smoke as a weapon. In the last century, chemical agents have been used in warfare on numerous occasions, from World War I to the Iran-Iraq conflict. The world remains vulnerable to the deliberate use of chemical agents as weapons of mass destruction. Chemical attacks can be delivered with almost any t...

For 15 years, the debate about depleted uranium (DU) and its detrimental effects on the health of veterans of the Gulf War of 1991, on the Iraqi people and military (and subsequently on the people of Kosovo, Afghanistan, and Iraq during the second war) has remained unresolved. Meanwhile, the number of Gulf War veterans who have developed the so-called Gulf War syndrome has risen to about one-th...

background: sulfur mustard (sm) has been considered as a carcinogen in the laboratory studies. however, its carcinogenic effects on human beings were not well discussed. the main purpose of our study is to assess carcinogenesis of sm following acute and/or chronic exposures in human beings. methods: the valid scientific english and persian databases including pubmed, web of science, scopus, ira...

The “rescue” of Private Jessica Lynch was one of the most extensively covered events of the 2003 US-led war on Iraq. In the 14 days after her rescue, Lynch drew 919 references in major newspapers. In contrast, General Tommy Franks, who ran the war, got 639 references, and Dick Cheney got 549 (Christopher Hanson 2003). The coverage of the Lynch story continued well into the year and far outstrip...