Oil is a major source of income for Ecuador and since the 1970s has been the engine of the economy. The 1970s oil price boom lifted Ecuador’s economy formerly one of the poorest in Latin Americaby an average of 7% annually, with per capita income rising from 290 USD in 1972 to 1,200 USD in 2000. Today, oil continues to account for 40% of the nation export earnings and government budget. Most of...

The aim of this study is to test and analyze the long-term short-term effects crude oil prices inflation on algae export in Indonesia. were tested using multiple cointegration regression error correction models. Furthermore, annual time series data from 2012 2021 was used results analysis show that long term, price have a positive effect export. While short only positively influences its export...

ABSTRAK Batubara dimanfaatkan masyarakat dunia sebagai sumber energy dan batubara merupakan salah satu komoditas ekspor unggulan Indonesia. Sebagai negara pengekspor terbesar di dunia, kinerja Indonesia berkaitan dengan nilai tukar (kurs), volume produksi, harga acuan (HBA), minyak (WTI). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui menganalisis pengaruh variabel independen (X1), produksi...

This study investigated if revenue from the oil sector displaced export of manufactures in oil-rich African countries over period 2000 to 2020. Using panel ARDL model, findings indicate that short run, rents had an insignificant positive impact on for all sampled. However, long was positive. The run results individual revealed improved Nigeria and Ghana, while Libya, Algeria Gabon adverse. ther...

Oil prices directly impact Venezuela's circumstance due to 95% of their revenue come from oil export. Since 2013, drop significantly compared the previous year. Thus, crisis hits Venezuela severely. The impacts not only feel in domestic level but also international level. China is bilateral partner that was impacted by crisis. failed fulfill export pay loan oil-for-loan diplomacy scheme. cooper...