Adaptation to novel dynamics requires learning a motor memory, or a new pattern of predictive feedforward motor commands. Recently, we demonstrated the upregulation of rapid visuomotor feedback gains early in curl force field learning, which decrease once a predictive motor memory is learned. However, even after learning is complete, these feedback gains are higher than those observed in the nu...

A long-standing heuristic in visual neuroscience holds that extrastriate visual cortex is parceled into a dorsal "where" pathway concerned with stimulus position and motion and a ventral "what" pathway concerned with stimulus form. Several recent studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), however, have shown that small changes in the position of a single object can produce reli...

The role of local cortical activity in shaping neuronal responses is controversial. Among other questions, it is unknown how the diverse response patterns reported in vivo-lateral inhibition in some cases, approximately balanced excitation and inhibition (co-tuning) in others-compare to the local spread of synaptic connectivity. Excitatory and inhibitory activity might cancel each other out, or...

Objectives: Parental responses to children’s negative emotions play a key role in developing emotional competence. Poor emotional competence has been linked to disruptive behavior problems in children. The Tuning in to Kids program is a new emotion-focused parenting intervention for preschoolers. The Tuning in to Kids aims to improve children’s behavior by changing mothers’ em...

The enormous and growing complexity of today's high-end systems has increased the already significant challenges of obtaining high performance on today's equally complex scientific applications. Application scientists are faced with a daunting challenge in tuning their codes to exploit performance-enhancing architectural features. The Performance Engineering Research Institute (PERI) is working...

Self-* systems are self-organizing, self-configuring, self-healing, self-tuning and, in general, selfmanaging. Ursa Minor is a large-scale storage infrastructure being designed and deployed at Carnegie Mellon University, with the goal of taking steps towards the self-* ideal. This paper discusses our early experiences with one specific aspect of storage management: performance tuning and projec...

Multivariable liquid level control is essential in process industries to ensure quality of the product and safety of the equipment. However, the significant problems of the control system include excessive time consumption and percentage overshoot, which result from ineffective performance of the tuning methods of the PID controllers used for the system. In this paper, fuzzy logic was used to t...

Cognitive control is necessary to flexibly act in changing environments. Sequence processing is needed in language comprehension to build the syntactic structure in sentences. Functional imaging studies suggest that sequence processing engages the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC). In contrast, cognitive control processes additionally recruit bilateral rostral lateral PFC regions. The ...

Neurons in the lateral belt areas of rhesus monkey auditory cortex were stimulated with band-passed noise (BPN) bursts of different bandwidths and center frequencies. Most neurons responded much more vigorously to these sounds than to tone bursts of a single frequency, and it thus became possible to elicit a clear response in 85% of lateral belt neurons. Tuning to center frequency and bandwidth...

A mathematical theory of interacting hypercolumns in primary visual cortex (V1) is presented that incorporates details concerning the anisotropic nature of long-range lateral connections. Each hypercolumn is modeled as a ring of interacting excitatory and inhibitory neural populations with orientation preferences over the range 0 to 180 degrees. Analytical methods from bifurcation theory are us...