Fig. S1 Layout of the D-DLD with peripheral vacuum pump and electronic connections. (a) The device is fabricated in PDMS and glass using replica molding. (b) Micrographs of the entrance channels and a side-wall. (c) A scale drawing of the separation device. A stream of particles injected into the device is continuously separated about the critical diameter, D c. Particles smaller than the criti...

Excitatory synapses arising from local neurons in the cat visual cortex are much more numerous than the thalamocortical synapses, which provide the primary sensory input. Many of these local circuit synapses are involved in the connections between cortical layers, but lateral connections within layers provide a major component of the local circuit synapses. We tested the influence of these late...

This letter shows for the first time why it is important and how to optimize gains of a position controller on board fully-actuated aerial vehicle with bounded lateral force, via an auto-tuning approach. In such vehicles, most control authority expressed along principal thrust direction, while directions smaller forces can be exploited achieve full-pose tracking. The nonlinear hard model interp...

The responses of neurons in sensory cortex depend on the summation of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs. How the excitatory and inhibitory inputs scale with stimulus depends on the network architecture, which ranges from the lateral inhibitory configuration where excitatory inputs are more narrowly tuned than inhibitory inputs, to the co-tuned configuration where both are tuned equally....

In the visual cortex of the cat and ferret, it is established that orientation selectivity is the consequence of experience-dependent plasticity. Recent experiments, however, indicate that the layout of orientation maps is remarkably stable and experience-independent. We present a model to account for these seemingly paradoxical results. In this model, a scaaold consisting of anisotropic latera...

The inferior colliculus (IC) is a major processing center in the ascending auditory pathway. The role of the IC in the descending efferent auditory system is less clear. Although the IC central nucleus (ICC) is the major relay station for the ascending auditory pathways, the IC's cortex receives its main input from the neocortex and nonauditory sources. The goal of this study was to determine i...

Aging-related declines in vision can decrease well-being of the elderly. Concerning early sensory changes as in the primary visual cortex, physiological and behavioral reports seem contradictory. Neurophysiological studies on orientation tuning properties suggested that neuronal changes might come from decreased cortical local inhibition. However, behavioral results either showed no clear defic...