This study evaluated the potency and rapidity of some anticholinergics (atropine, biperiden, and trihexyphenidyl) and benzodiazepines (diazepam and midazolam) as an anticonvulsant treatment against seizures induced by six nerve agents (tabun, sarin, soman, cyclosarin, VR, and VX) and summarized the relationship between anticonvulsant activity and nerve agent-induced lethality and neuropathology...

The purposes of acute toxicity testing are to obtain information on the biologic activity of a chemical and gain insight into its mechanism of action. The information on acute systemic toxicity generated by the test is used in hazard identification and risk management in the context of production, handling, and use of chemicals. The LD50 value, defined as the statistically derived dose that, wh...

Comparative Effects of Diaxepam and Midazolam on Paraoxon Toxicity in Rats. KRUTAKKROL, H., AND DOMINO, E. F. (1985). Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 81,545-550. The present study was undertaken to compare the effectiveness of a new water-soluble benzodiazepine, midazolam, to diazepam, both administered im for protection against diethyl-pnitrophenyl phosphate (paraoxon) toxicity. Adult male Sprague-D...

Fungicides to control mycopathogens of commercial Agaricus bisporus, a mushroom cultivated for human consumption, are a major field of study, since these chemicals are toxic to both the host and its fungal parasites. The fungicide Prochloraz-Mn, used at its LD50 for A. bisporus, partially inhibited protein biosynthesis in the vegetative mycelial cell walls of this mushroom and caused significan...

There are reports of development of resistance to the second generation anticoagulant, bromadiolone in rodents from several countries, but no systematic study has been carried out in India to record the status of bromadiolone resistance. To distinguish susceptible and resistant individuals of house rat, Rattus rattus, it was required to record their response towards toxicity of LD50 of bromadio...

Azadirachtin, a biorational insecticide, known to be an antagonist of the juvenile hormone and 20 hydroxyecdysone (20E), has been used successfully against insect pests; however, its effects on nontarget organisms remain contradictory. The current study examined the lethal and sublethal effects of azadirachtin on Drosophila melanogaster Meigen, 1830 (Diptera: Drosophilidae) as biological model....

An appropriate dose of radiation should be established on target genotypes before large scale mutagenesis undertaken. The objective of this study was to determine an ideal dose of gamma radiation to induce genetic variation in selected cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) genotypes. Seeds of three Namibian released cowpea genotypes were gamma irradiated using seven dozes at the International Atomic Energ...

Warfare neurotoxicants such as sarin, soman or VX, are organophosphorus compounds which irreversibly inhibit cholinesterase. High-dose exposure with nerve agents (NA) is known to produce seizure activity and related brain damage, while less about the effects of acute sub-lethal dose exposure. The aim this study was characterize behavioral, neuroinflammatory modifications at different time point...