OBJECTIVE To determine if DNA methylation inhibitors make T cells autoreactive by inducing lymphocyte function-associated antigen type 1 (LFA-1) (CD11a/CD18) overexpression. METHODS T cell clones were treated with 3 distinct DNA methylation inhibitors or were stably transfected with a CD18 cDNA in a mammalian expression vector, and the effects on LFA-1 expression and activation requirements w...

Learning Factors Analysis (LFA), a form of student modeling, is used to predict whether a student can correctly answer a tutor question. Existing evaluations of LFA rely on metrics like the crossvalidated root mean squared error (RMSE). However, the LFA output can be a binary classification (the student will be correct or not), so we can use classification metrics, such as precision and recall,...

Link-flooding attack (LFA) has emerged as a serious threat to Internet which cuts off connections between legitimate hosts and targeted servers by flooding only a few links (e.g., target links). Several mechanisms have been proposed to mitigate LFA, however, they can only mitigate LFA after target links have been compromised by adversaries. Based on the fact that adversaries rely on network lin...

Lymphocyte activation triggers adhesiveness of lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1; integrin α(L)β(2)) for intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAMs) on endothelia or antigen-presenting cells. Whether the activation signal, after transmission through multiple domains to the ligand-binding αI domain, results in affinity changes for ligand has been hotly debated. Here, we present the fi...

Despite encouraging results using lymphocyte function antigen-1 (LFA-1) blockade to inhibit BM and solid organ transplantation rejection in nonhuman primates and humans, the precise mechanisms underlying its therapeutic potential are still poorly understood. Using a fully allogeneic murine transplantation model, we assessed the relative distribution of total lymphocyte subsets in untreated vers...

The αLβ2-integrin LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18) is known as an important molecule for leukocyte migration. However, the precise role of LFA-1 in the pathogenesis of EAE has so far remained unclear. We describe here the disease development in LFA-1(-/-) mice compared with WT controls. Ablation of LFA-1 resulted in more severe EAE with increased demyelination and increased numbers of myelin oligodendrocyte ...

Shedding of adhesion molecules has been described for members of the selectin and immunoglobulin superfamilies, but integrins are not known to be shed. Here, we describe shedding of the integrin lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1; CD11a/CD18) from human leukocytes during the cutaneous inflammatory response to the blistering agent cantharidin. Expression of LFA-1 was significantly d...

Lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) (CD11a/CD18) expression on bone marrow-derived plasma cells from normal individuals, patients with monoclonal gammopathies of undetermined significance (MGUS), and patients with multiple myeloma (MM) was studied by immunofluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry using a new monoclonal antibody (MoAb) F8.8. This MoAb recognizes the alpha-chain (C...

Cryptococcal meningitis is the most common cause of opportunistic meningitis in HIV-infected patients in Brazil and causes unacceptable high mortality rates. In this study, HIV-infected patients with a first episode of culture-proven cryptococcal meningitis in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were prospectively included in order to evaluate sensitivity of cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) lateral flow assay...

The cell surface adhesion molecule LFA-1 coordinates leukocyte trafficking and is a costimulatory molecule for T cell activation. We developed a panel of mAbs that recognize activation epitopes on the CD18 subunit, and show that stimulation of T lymphocytes appears to be accompanied by a conformational change in a subpopulation of LFA-1 that does not require ligand binding. Activation epitope u...