background: chronic illnesses are by definition long lasting and without a definitive cure. in iran, like in many other developing countries, chronic diseases are not merely diseases of the elderly. they also affect a much higher proportion of people during their prime working years and more so than in the developed countries. therefore, it is essential to understand the factors influencing the...

A description and comparison of various EXAFS-like phenomena are presented based on theoretical and practical considerations. Most of the phenomena are similar but not exactly the same as EXAFS. This does not limit their usefulness for structure determination but requires separate experimental calibration and theoretical calculations.

The coronavirus 2019 (COVID 19) pandemic has been a worldwide catastrophe. Four centuries after the plague pandemic, this highly contagious RNA virus ( SARS-CoV-2) become nightmare due to its relentless spread, infecting millions of people with an unpredictably higher fatality, and sequelae yet follow. This viral disease devastated world population in many ways. It affected all stages life, sta...