The necessity of and means for distinguishing between a level of linguistic meaning and a domain of "factual knowledge" (or cognitive content) are argued for, supported by a survey of relevant operational criteria. The level of meaning is characterized as a safe base for computational applications, which allows for a set of inference rules accounting for the content (factual relations) of a giv...

Ramon Ziai1, Niels Ott1, Detmar Meurers2 1Sonderforschungsbereich 833, 2Seminar für Sprachwissenschaft, Universität Tübingen . .Research Questions . • What linguistic representations can be used robustly and efficiently in an automatic meaning comparison? • What is the role of context and how can we utilize knowledge about it in comparing meaning automatically? Context heremeans questions and r...

We propose to apply relational databases (RDB) development methodologies to the design of lexical databases (LDB), which embody conceptual and linguistic knowledge. We represent the conceptual knowledge as an ontology, and the linguistic knowledge, which depends on each language, in lexicons. Our approach is based on a single languageindependent ontology. Besides, we study some conceptual and l...

We propose to apply classical development methodologies to the design and implementation of Lexical Databases(LDB), which embody conceptual and linguistic knowledge. We represent the conceptual knowledge as an ontology, and the linguistic knowledge, which depends on each language, in lexicons. Our approach is based on a single language-independent ontology. Besides, we study some conceptual and...

syntax The concepts from which models are created (see Requirement 1) Class diagram at level M2 Concrete syntax Concrete rendering of these concepts (see Requirement 2) UML notation, informally specified Well-formedness Rules for applying the concepts (see Requirement 1) Constraints on the abstract Syntax (using the Object Constraint Language, for example) Semantics Description of a model’s mea...

Drawing on a growing database of systematic relationships between word-senses, the authors argue that a significant class of these represent Lexical Implication Rules, a set of formal rules within the domain of lexical semantics; these they distinguish from other types of semantic relation more closely dependent on metaphor and world-knowledge. Some formal properties of Lexical Implication Rule...

This paper describes the CoMeT system, our contribution to the SemEval 2013 Task 7 challenge, focusing on the task of automatically assessing student answers to factual questions. CoMeT is based on a meta-classifier that uses the outputs of the sub-systems we developed: CoMiC, CoSeC, and three shallower bag approaches. We sketch the functionality of all sub-systems and evaluate their performanc...

Recent research on human nonverbal vocalizations has led to considerable progress in our understanding of vocal communication of emotion. However, in contrast to studies of animal vocalizations, this research has focused mainly on the emotional interpretation of such signals. The repertoire of human nonverbal vocalizations as acoustic types, and the mapping between acoustic and emotional catego...

In this paper, we generalize Ying’s model of linguistic quantifiers [M.S. Ying, Linguistic quantifiers modeled by Sugeno integrals, Artificial Intelligence, 170 (2006) 581-606] to intuitionistic linguistic quantifiers. An intuitionistic linguistic quantifier is represented by a family of intuitionistic fuzzy-valued fuzzy measures and the intuitionistic truth value (the degrees of satisfaction a...

juxtaposition of words is a linguistic phenomenon that exists in all languages and is not specific to a language and means common relationship of one word with other certain words in a language. juxtaposition of words is one of the most important issues of semantics because of its important role in determining meaning of many words and combinations. this verbal phenomenon is one of distinguishi...