the study of the meaning is the oldest intellectual concerns of human over time and in various cultures and civilizations. the meaning have occupid the chiness and indian thinkers and philosophers of the greeks and romans during centuries. the arab and muslim linguists and others mostly shared in study of many issues related to meaning of the words. arab’s linguistic research has focus on deter...

There are two different approaches to meaning formalization: one logical, another cognitive. The logical approach, going back to Frege and developed and explicitly applied to natural language semantics by Montague, is characterized by establishing semantics from primitive semantic structures of sentential type. This approach is most consistently represented by type logical grammars (see collect...

The paper presents the Meaning-Text linguistic theory, a theoretical framework for the construction of models of natural languages, called Meaning-Text Models. Since its beginnings, in the 1960’s, the Meaning-Text theory has placed strong emphasis on semantics and considered natural language primarily as a tool for expressing meaning. This basic insight underlies its interest in linguistic synt...