Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by poorly reversible airflow limitation. The pathological hallmarks of COPD are inflammation of the peripheral airways and destruction of lung parenchyma or emphysema. The functional consequences of these abnormalities are expiratory airflow limitation and dynamic hyperinflation, which then increase the elastic load of the respirator...

The controversy over the influence of nasal breathing on facial bone development has continued for decades and otolaryngologists are often questioned on this subject. The pharynx is a segment of the airway whose walls are soft and shaped primarily by the constrictor muscles and tongue, which attributes a very dynamic character. This tract is also delimited by the adenoids, tonsils and the lingu...

Background Children undergo painful procedures during care and treatment. This study aimed to determine the effect of distractionon the intensityof pain in children aged 6 to 12 years old. Materials and Methods This clinical trial was conducted on the school-age children, who referred to Imam Hossein Hospital, Iran, Heris city, East Azarbaijan province (Iran) in 2017. In total 48 patients were...

Lip tracking has played a significant role in a lip reading system. In this paper, we present a local region based approach to lip tracking, which consists of two phases: (i) lip contour extraction for the first lip frame, and followed by (ii) lip tracking in the subsequent lip frames. Initially, we construct a localized color active color model provided that the foreground and background regio...

The objective was to explore quantitative methods for the measurement of lip mobility and lip force and to relate these to qualitative assessments of lip function. Fifty healthy adults (mean age 45 years) and 23 adults with diagnoses affecting the facial muscles (mean age 37 years) participated in the study. Diagnoses were Möbius syndrome (n=5), Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (n=6) and ...

This study examined the location and physiological roles of branchial chemoreceptors involved in the cardiorespiratory responses to hypoxia and hypercarbia in a neotropical fish that exhibits aquatic surface respiration, the tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). Fish were exposed to abrupt progressive environmental hypoxia (18. 6-1.3 kPa water P(O2)) and hypercarbia (water equilibrated with 5 % CO(2...

introduction: advanced lip carcinomas can invade adjacent structures. performing surgery for these cancers will lead to defects in this anatomically and functionally important area and will cause post-op difficulties such as drooling, speech alterations and aesthetic considerations, if not properly managed. case report: in this study, we will introduce a radial forearm free flap with palmaris l...

OBJECTIVE A quantitative comparison of immediate and long-term results of surgical correction of the senile upper lip using lip advancement and lip lift. METHODS Retrospective review of 30 patients who underwent senile upper lip repair, including lip advancement or lip lift. Digital image analysis was used to standardize each patient's preoperative and postoperative photographs for accurate, ...