BACKGROUND In developed European countries in the last phase of the smoking epidemic, education is a stronger predictor of smoking than income or employment. We examine whether this also applies in economically less developed countries. METHODS Data from 7218 respondents in the 25-64 age group came from two National Health Interview Surveys conducted in 2000 and 2003 in Hungary. Independent e...

As a result of the 2008 global economic recession, consumers have less income and have turned to less expensive brands and retail stores. This study examines the relationships of consumer demographics, shopping behavior, and the marketing activities (mix) that influence customer-based brand equity. A sample of 435 hypermarket shoppers is classified by low, middle, and high income segments. Usin...

We examine the determinants of low income transitions using first-order Markov models that control for initial conditions effects (those found to be poor in the base year may be a nonrandom sample) and for attrition (panel retention may also be non-random). Our econometric model is a form of endogeneous switching regression, and is fitted using simulated maximum likelihood methods. The estimate...

The anthropogenic consequences of renewable and non-renewable energy consumption, economic growth, air transport have been assessed enormously in the literature. However, given complexities many economies world today, it is important to reassess ecological concerns these factors light Environmental Kuznets Curve framework. Therefore, this current study investigates global assessment using data ...

OBJECTIVE To examine socioeconomic differences in case fatality and prognosis of myocardial infarction (MI) events, and to estimate the contributions of incidence and case fatality to socioeconomic differences in coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality. DESIGN A population-based MI register study. METHODS The FINMONICA MI Register recorded all MI events among persons aged 35-64 years in thre...

The concept of environmental sustainability aims to achieve economic development while achieving a sustainable environment. inverted U-shape relationship between growth and quality, also called Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC), describes the correlation carbon emissions. This study assesses role agriculture energy-related variables evaluating EKC threshold in 54 African economies, income group...