Ensuring access to essential goods during hard times has always been the policy makers’ main concern. Using Household Expenditure and Income Survey data during 1984-1989, we estimate the welfare effects of rationing three essential goods: rice, cooking oil, and sugar. We find that households consumed higher than the efficient quantities of these rationed goods due to lower prices. Under the alt...

Background : Under-reporting of energy intake is a common problem among nutrition-related epidemiological studies. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of under-reporting of energy intake on the estimate of nutrient intake.  Materials and methods : 901 subjects aged >16 years were enrolled. Food intake was assessed using a 24-hour food recall questionnaire. Basal metabolic r...

Remote sensing and aerial photography are means of exploring, studying and estimating vegetation variables such as species frequency and density in forests and rangelands. Common remote sensing images usually offer general information about vegetation parameters. For detailed information about vegetation (e.g. estimation of vegetation density and/or frequency), larger scale images are needed. T...

Background and Objective: The industrial development along with the rising in human population has led to releasing considerable hazardous materials such as heavy metals into the environment. Environmental pollution by heavy metals can in turn threaten the human health. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the concentration levels of some heavy metals including; Cd, Pb, Cr and Cu, as ...