Fall armyworm [Spodoptera frugiperda (J./E. Smith); FAW] is negatively impacting sustainable maize production, particularly in smallholder farming systems sub-Saharan Africa. Two sets of germplasm (commercial cultivars and experimental hybrids, local exotic inbred lines) were evaluated under managed natural FAW infestation to identify tolerant material with superior grain yield performance. Sig...

Organic farming is becoming increasingly popular because it leads to healthier products. Due limitations on the use of chemical protection, however, plants may be more susceptible pathogen attacks. Therefore, aim study was determine occurrence fungal diseases in maize grown organic versus integrated systems. The field experiment conducted during years 2017–2019 Puławy, Poland. Three varieties, ...

Maize is unique among cereal grasses because of its monoecious flowering habit. Male flowers are normally restricted to the tassel that terminates the primary shoot, whereas female flowers occur as ears at the terminal nodes of lateral branches. We observed Ki14, a tropical maize inbred that produces an ear tipped by a staminate (male) spike under certain environmental conditions, such as long ...

The effects of varieties, producing areas, ears, and ear positions of maize on near-infrared (NIR) spectra were investigated to determine the factors causing the differences in NIR fingerprints of maize varieties. A total of 130 inbred lines were grown in two regions in China, and 12,350 kernel samples were analyzed through NIR spectroscopy. Spectral differences among varieties, producing areas...

The high harvest losses associated with the mechanical harvesting of maize in China are currently a major barrier to adoption this technology. This paper summarizes works literature regarding from combine and abroad. main findings as follows: (1) In 2012-2019, 2987 samples data obtained production areas showed that average loss was 345.2 kg/hm2 (3.5% yield), ranging 0 9288.5 kg/hm2; (2) mainly ...

Nitrogen is one of the most important factor affecting maize (Zea mays L.) yield and income of smallholders under semiarid climates. Field experiments were conducted to investigate the impact of different N-fertilizer sources [urea, calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN), and ammonium sulfate (AS)] and rates (50, 100, 150, and 200 kg ha-1) on umber of rows ear-1 (NOR ear-1), number of seeds row-1 (NOS ...

The effects of an allelic substitution at a gene often depend critically on genetic background, i.e., the genotypes at other genes in the genome. During the domestication of maize from its wild ancestor (teosinte), an allelic substitution at teosinte branched (tb1) caused changes in both plant and ear architecture. The effects of tb1 on phenotype were shown to depend on multiple background loci...

Dickeya zeae is an emerging rice (Oryza sativa) pathogen causing bacterial foot rot. Related pathogens affect maize (Zea mays) and potato (Solanum tuberosum) and a variety of important ornamental and floral plants. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of D. zeae DZ2Q, an isolate obtained from rice grown in Italy.