harmful economic, environmental and financial impacts of fertilizer distribution through subsidies as well as its contradiction with regulations of wto, it makes necessary to adopt a new policy. in this study, by combining positive mathematical programming and maximum entropy technique, the impacts of cancellation of fertilizer subsidies and applying proposed direct payment policies on gross ma...

BACKGROUND When robots mill bone near critical structures, safety margins are used to reduce the risk of accidental damage due to inaccurate registration. These margins are typically set heuristically with uniform thickness, which does not reflect the anisotropy and spatial variance of registration error. METHODS A method is described to generate spatially varying safety margins around vital ...

Linear basal cell carcinoma (BCC), which has a ratio of its long and short axes of more than 3: 1, is a distinct clinical entity among BCC. We report the first case report of a linear BCC in an Asian patient. An 87 year-old woman presented with an ulcerated black nodule, 15x5mm (3: 1), on her nasojungal fold of the right lower eyelid. The tumor was excised with 5 mm safety margin. The pathologi...

In the Risk-Informed Safety Margin Characterization (RISMC) approach we want to understand not just the frequency of an event like core damage, but how close we are (or are not) to key safety-related events and how might we increase our safety margins. The RISMC Pathway uses the probabilistic margin approach to quantify impacts to reliability and safety by coupling both probabilistic (via stoch...

In order to enhance the safety of new advanced reactors, optimization of the design of the implemented passive systems is required. Therefore, a reliability-based approach to the design of a thermal–hydraulic passive system is being considered, and a limit state function (LSF)-based approach elicited from mechanical reliability is developed. The concept of functional failure, i.e., the possibil...

This paper studies the effects of the structural variables of the Iranian industries sector on the welfare cost using to the Structure-Conduct-Performance (SCP) theory. In other words, we investigate the role of structural components and their effects on the size of the welfare cost in Iran's industry sector. We have used the Leibenstein's model to calculate the deadweight loss and then the pan...

BACKGROUND/AIMS It is difficult to precisely detect the lateral margin during endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for signet ring cell carcinoma (SRC) because SRC often expands to lateral direction through the lamina propria. Thus, the aim of this study was to classify the intramucosal spreading patterns of SRC and to analyze the patients' clinicopathological findings according to the spread...