The formulation of strong and weak laws of large numbers for fuzzy random variables based on variance is given. The concept of the variance of fuzzy random variables, introduced by K1 orner (Fuzzy Sets and Systems 92 (1997) 83) and by Feng (Fuzzy Sets and Systems 120 (2001) 487) demonstrates its e2ciency. c © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

In this note, we show by counterexamples that some results of Qiu and colleagues [On the restudy of fuzzy complex analysis: Part I. The sequence and series of fuzzy complex numbers and their convergences, Fuzzy Sets and Systems 115 (2000) 445–450; On the restudy of fuzzy complex analysis: Part II. The continuity and differentiation of fuzzy complex functions, Fuzzy Sets and Systems 120 (2001) 5...

The aim of this paper is to point out and correct some errors of two theorems for IFSs in Atanassov (Two theorems for intuitionistic fuzzy sets, Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 2000) and bring forward a new theorem for IFSs. In the end, some elementary, but non-standard equalities between IFSs were formulated.

Using mid-infrared and radio criteria, we select a sample of candidate z ∼ 2 obscured quasars. Optical spectroscopy confirms about half of these as type-2 quasars, and modelling the population suggests 50-80% of the quasars are obscured. We find some flat radio spectrum type-2 quasars, and tentative evidence for obscuration unrelated to the torus. Using a similar sample, we also find evidence f...

We prove that in Polish, abelian, non-locally-compact groups the family of Haar null sets of Christensen does not fulfil the countable chain condition, that is, there exists an uncountable family of pairwise disjoint universally measurable sets which are not Haar null. (Dougherty, answering an old question of Christensen, showed earlier that this was the case for some Polish, abelian, non-local...

We prove the following theorems: 1. If X has strong measure zero and if Y has strong first category, then their algebraic sum has property s0. 2. If X has Hurewicz’s covering property, then it has strong measure zero if, and only if, its algebraic sum with any first category set is a first category set. 3. If X has strong measure zero and Hurewicz’s covering property then its algebraic sum with...

Given an o-minimal structure M which expands a field, we define, for each positive integer d, a real valued additive measure on a Boolean algebra of subsets of Md and we prove that all the definable sets included in the finite part Fin(Md) of Md are measurable. When the domain of M is R we obtain the Lebesgue measure, but restricted to a proper subalgebra of that of the Lebesgue measurable sets...