We suggest multiscale methods for the integration of systems of second-order ordinary differential equations (ODEs) whose solutions include components that oscillate with large frequencies and small amplitudes. The methods do not need to integrate completely the fast oscillations and may employ step-sizes determined by the rate of change of the slow motions of the system. The technique may be u...

BACKGROUND Colorectal surgery implies higher risk of postoperative thromboembolic complications as deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) than general surgery. The best prophylaxis in general surgery is heparin and graded compression stockings. No systematic review on combination prophylaxis or on thrombosis prophylaxis in colorectal surgery has been published. OBJECTIVES To...

Two methods for calculating internal work-the absolute work method, based on changes in mechanical energy, and the absolute power method, based on the powers produced by the joint moments of force-were compared. The results from both methods were normalized to body mass and running speed to obtain the 'internal biomechanical cost' (IBC). The IBCs of normal running for eight runners were compare...

This chapter covers the various methods of mechanical cell disruption and tissue homogenization that are currently commercially available for processing minute samples (<1 ml) to larger production quantities. These mechanical methods of lysing do not introduce chemicals or enzymes to the system. However, the energies needed when using these "harsh" methods can be high and destroy the very prote...

Several new CPR techniques and devices have been developed and tested since the first report of manual closed-chested cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) nearly four decades ago. These devices and techniques include vest CPR, interposed abdominal counterpulation CPR, active compression-decompression CPR, an impedance threshold valve, intra-aortic balloon pump and phased thoracic-abdominal count...

The mechanism by which cells sense stresses and transmit them throughout the cytoplasm and the cytoskeleton (CSK) and by which these mechanical signals are converted into biochemical signaling responses is not clear. Specifically, there is little direct experimental evidence on how intracellular CSK structural elements in living cells deform and transmit stresses in response to external mechani...

This paper considers large discrete-time linear systems obtained from discretized partial differential equations, and controlled by a quantized law, i.e., a piecewise constant time function taking a finite set of values. We show how to generate the control by, first, applying model reduction to the original system, then using a “state-space bisection” method for synthesizing a control at the re...

We describe the use of electrical methods for evaluating mechanical reliability and properties of patterned copper and aluminum interconnects on silicon substrates. The approach makes use of controlled Joule heating, which causes thermal strains in the materials system due to differences in thermal expansion between the metal and constraining substrate and passivation. Our efforts concentrate o...

This paper deals with the influence of selected methods (mechanical and pneumatic) as well as various factors (wood species, moisture content, veneer shape, punch diameter, laminating foil thickness, holding method, plasticizing) on 3D molding of veneers. 3D molding was evaluated on the basis of maximum deflection of birch and beech veneers. Cracks and warping edges were also evaluated in selec...