Activated immune cells secrete proinflammatory cytokines that induce a generalized sickness response. The following experiments were designed to determine whether the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β is the peripheral mediator of sickness-induced cognitive dysfunction, as well as to characterize the cognitive processes that are disrupted during illness. The effects of peripherally-administered IL...

Multiple and complex pathways promote the deleterious effects of hyperglycemia in diabetes, ultimately leading to micro- and macrovascular disease. Some of the known mechanisms in diabetic vascular disease may explain the initiation of the "metabolic memory", but fall short if long periods of time are involved.Vascular research has been prolific in the past in finding links between microvascula...

Memory and mood deficits are the enduring brain-related symptoms in Gulf War illness (GWI). Both animal model and epidemiological investigations have indicated that these impairments in a majority of GW veterans are linked to exposures to chemicals such as pyridostigmine bromide (PB, an antinerve gas drug), permethrin (PM, an insecticide) and DEET (a mosquito repellant) encountered during the P...

The present study was designed to explore the mechanism of hesperidin action via the nitric oxide pathway in the protection against ischemic reperfusion cerebral injury-induced memory dysfunction. Male Wistar rats (200-220 g) were subjected to bilateral carotid artery occlusion for 30 min followed by 24 h reperfusion. Hesperidin (50 and 100 mg/kg, po) pretreatment was given for 7 days before an...

Episodic memory is one of the most affected cognitive domains in schizophrenia. First-degree biological relatives of individuals with schizophrenia also have been found to exhibit a similar, but milder, episodic memory deficit. Unlike most studies that focus on the percent of previously presented items recognized, the current investigation sought to further elucidate the nature of memory dysfun...

introduction: previous studies have demonstrated that the &beta-adrenergic; receptor antagonist propranolol impairs fear memory reconsolidation in experimental animals. there are experimental parameters such as the age and the strength of memory that can interact with pharmacological manipulations of memory reconsolidation. in this study, we investigated the ability of the age and the strength ...

Age is one of the risk factors for dementia in patients with Parkinson's disease (PDD). Distinct cognitive syndromes of Parkinson's disease (PD) have been identified in previous studies. Questions about the role of such cognitive disorders in PD outcomes, especially memory dysfunction, in patients with PD remain unanswered. Objective To establish possible correlations between delayed recall m...

BACKGROUND Cognitive dysfunction has a major role in health outcomes for cardiac patients. The association of cognitive dysfunction with heart failure is well established, but the cardiac variables that contribute to cognition are not well understood. OBJECTIVES To investigate the relationships among age, memory, and left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) in patients with heart failure. DE...

Background & Objectives: Frontal executive dysfunction, which is hypothesized to reflect dorsolateral prefrontal function, predominates in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Visuospatial dysfunction and episodic memory deficit, which are associated with the posterior cortical area, are critical symptoms of mild cognitive impairment in PD (PD-MCI). The first aim of this study is to investigate whether do...

Introduction: Cognitive dysfunction is recognized as a significant feature of multiple sclerosis (MS). Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of MS. Toxic demyelination by ethidium bromide (EB) is one of the common methods for induction of MS, which leads to neuronal death by production of free radicals and enhancement of oxidative stress burden. According to previous p...