Purpose: An adaptive control system is built which controlling the cutting force and maintaining constant roughness of the surface being milled by digital adaptation of cutting parameters. Design/methodology/approach: The paper discusses the use of combining the methods of neural networks, fuzzy logic and PSO evolutionary strategy (Particle Swarm Optimization) in modeling and adaptively control...

For nearly half a century, the Milling Stone Horizon has been recognized as an integral element of California culture history, but representative components have long been thought to be restricted to the southern portion of the state. Claims to the contrary by D. L. True and a few of his students for thepresence of Milling Stone Horizon manifestations further north have not been fully embraced ...

Chemical and physical transformations by milling are attracting enormous interest for their ability to access new materials and clean reactivity, and are central to a number of core industries, from mineral processing to pharmaceutical manufacturing. While continuous mechanical stress during milling is thought to create an environment supporting nonconventional reactivity and exotic intermediat...

Lightweight structures are an important element in today’s production industry. For the multi-axis milling of these structures some aspects have to be considered to achieve a good surface quality and to prevent damaging the milling machine during the machining process. In this article methods to determine suitable feed rates for the milling process, to identify parts of the workpiece with too m...

Production of nanostructured aluminum matrix composite powder by high energy ball milling is investigated. Scanning electron microscopy analysis as well as the tap and green density measurements were used to optimize the milling time needed for the completion of the mechanical milling process. Also, we studied the particles morphology and size distribution change with milling time and its corre...

The mechanochemical Knoevenagel condensation of malononitrile with p-nitrobenzaldehyde was studied in situ using a tandem approach. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy were combined to yield time-resolved information on the milling process. Under solvent-free conditions, the reaction leads to a quantitative conversion to p-nitrobenzylidenemalononitrile within 50 minutes. The in situ data i...

This paper proposes a novel chemo-mechanical method to in-situ functionalize carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Ball milling in the presence of ammonium bicarbonate allowed the introduction of amine and amide groups onto the surface of CNTs, resulting in the conversion of the semiconducting behavior of CNTs from p-type to n-type. The corresponding electrical conductivity of CNT increased gradually with b...

In this paper, the dynamic behavior of a lightweight 5-axis milling concept is analyzed using finite element simulation. It has a pose-dependent dynamic behavior with structural Eigen modes between 28 Hz and 50 Hz. Based on these results, the stability lobe diagrams (SLD) for the milling module at different axis-positions are derived. The milling module shows a changing process stability with a...

The influence of short-time milling on the atomic structure of amorphous Co(70.3)Fe(4.7)B(25) has been investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), x-ray powder diffraction (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and x-ray absorption fine-structure (XAFS) techniques. Our results prove that the milling process crystallizes the initially amorphous sample and that the degree of inhe...

We have measured X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANFS) of mechanically alloyed YzFe and YFez system as a fundion of milling time. An amorphous phase is obtained by mechanical alloying for 100 hours in the YzFe system and for 500 hours in the YFez system. In both systems the intensity of Fe Is-4pn transition grows up significantly with increasing the milling time and approaches to that of...