We study experimentally and numerically electrical and optical methods to switch the lasing wavelength in a linear multi-cavity laser. The electrical method uses radio frequency modulation of the gain region to modify effective optical loss at a well-defined wavelength. The optical method uses injection of lasing light to modify effective photon lifetime at the injection wave-length. Short tran...

We consider scheduling a shared server in a two class make to stock closed queueing net work We include server switching costs and lost sales costs equivalently server starvation penalties for lost jobs If the switching costs are zero the optimal policy has a monotonic threshold type of switching curve provided that the service times are identical For completely symmetric systems without set up...

T he main purpose of this article is to analyze exchange rate behavior based on monetary fundamentals in the context of Iranian economy over the period 1990:2 to 2014:3. To do so, two monetary exchange rate models is investigated, the first by regarding interest rate differential as a monetary variable, and the second one regardless of interest rate differential as a monetary variabl...

A newly developed multivariate method involving net analyte preprocessing (NAP) was tested using central composite calibration designs of progressively decreasing size regarding the multivariate simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of three active components (phenylephrine, diphenhydramine and naphazoline) and one excipient (methylparaben) in nasal solutions. Its performance was evalua...

All-optical re-switching has been investigated in the half-metallic Heusler ferrimagnet Mn2Ru0.9Ga, where Mn atoms occupy two inequivalent sites XA-type structure. The effect of a second 200 fs 800 nm pump pulse that follows first pulse, when both are above threshold for switching, is studied as function t12, time between them. aims to identify physical mechanisms involved and determine minimum...

“Code-Switching”, an important issue in the field of both language classroom and sociolinguistics, has been under consideration in investigations related to bilingual and multilingual societies. First proposed by Haugen (1956) and later developed byGrosjean (1982), the termcode-switching refers to language alternation during communication. Although code-switching is unavoidable in bilingual and...

Label propagation has proven to be a fast method for detecting communities in complex networks. Recent work has also improved the accuracy and stability of the basic algorithm, however, a general approach is still an open issue. We propose different label propagation algorithms that convey two unique strategies of community formation, namely, defensive preservation and offensive expansion of co...

This research examines how local network effects contribute to the costs of switching vendors, and how such effects differ according to the organization of the IT function. Our results indicate that the costs to ensure compatibility among local area network devices is a major source of switching costs in the markets for routers and switches, and that switching costs increase with the size of a ...