Arterial regions exposed to oscillatory shear (OS) in branched arteries are lesion-prone sites of atherosclerosis, whereas those of laminar shear (LS) are relatively well protected. Here, we examined the hypothesis that OS and LS differentially regulate production of O2- from the endothelial NAD(P)H oxidase, which, in turn, is responsible for their opposite effects on a critical atherogenic eve...

The adhesion of monocytes to vascular surfaces is central to inflammation and atherogenesis; however, very little is known about regulatory factors that can prevent these processes. Here we report the inhibition of human monocyte adhesion to human endothelial layers and plastic by interleukin-4 (IL-4), a T-cell-derived glycoprotein with pleiotropic activities. The inhibitory effects of IL-4 wer...

BACKGROUND Monocytes and macrophages have been shown to play major roles in the progression of atherosclerosis. This study examined whether the circulating monocyte count can be used to predict coronary plaque progression of non-culprit intermediate lesions in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). METHODS AND RESULTS Intravascular ultrasound findings of non-culprit intermediate plaque in 90 pati...

Monocytes have been recently subdivided into three subsets: classical (CD14++CD16-), intermediate (CD14++CD16+), and non-classical (CD14+CD16++) subsets, but phenotypic and functional abnormalities of the three monocyte subsets in HIV-1 infection have not been fully characterized, especially in acute HIV-1 infection (AHI). In the study, we explored the dynamic changes of monocyte subsets and th...

Little is known about the relative importance of monocyte and tissue-resident macrophages in the development of lung fibrosis. We show that specific genetic deletion of monocyte-derived alveolar macrophages after their recruitment to the lung ameliorated lung fibrosis, whereas tissue-resident alveolar macrophages did not contribute to fibrosis. Using transcriptomic profiling of flow-sorted cell...

Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GP IIb/IIIa), the receptor complex for fibrinogen, has been regarded as a megakaryocyte/platelet lineage-restricted antigen. Recently, however, it has been reported that GP IIb/IIIa is expressed in blood monocytes. Studies were performed to establish the origin and immunological characteristics of monocyte-associated glycoproteins IIb and IIIa (GPs IIb and IIIa)....

We investigated the interaction of monocyte/macrophages and autologous T lymphocytes in the methanol extraction residue (MER) of BCG-induced production of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating activity (CSA). Coincubation of monocyte/macrophages and T lymphocytes at a 1 :3 ratio produces an optimum collaboration; a change to a 1 :9 ratio diminished this collaboration. Coincubation of monocy...

The effect of the antineoplastic agent c/s-diamminedichloroplatinum(ll) (c/s-DDP) on spontaneous cytotoxicity of human mononuclear cells in vitro was assessed. c/s-DDP enhanced spontaneous monocyte-mediated cytotoxicity 300% compared to control values. Further, this spontaneous monocyte killing developed earlier (3 to 4 days) than did that of untreated cells (5 to 7 days). Since monocyte cytoto...

Changes in monocyte functions have been described in several human malignancies. The monocyte/macrophage system is known to play a crucial role in the rejection of tumor cells and phagocytosis represents an important defense mechanism used by these cells. This paper reports the adherence power and phagocyting ability (latex beads) of circulating monocytes in 20 patients with unresectable non-sm...