Experimental studies on the complex process of mutagenesis are conducted in the belief that they will increase our understanding of the effects of environmental agents on human populations. Cultured mammalian cells offer distinct advantages over other biological systems for studying this problem. Mutagenesis in cultured mammalian cells is unquestionably more relevant to man than are bacterial, ...

Genotoxic responses (chromosomal damage, DNA strand breakage) of redbreast sunfish (Lepomis auritis) populations exposed to industrial effluent and mutagenicity of the associated sediments were determined in order to compare them to changes in community structure. Data were collected from a reference stream and East Fork Poplar Creek (EFPC), a first-order stream which originates on the grounds ...

The mechanisms of toxicity and, particularly, the potential carcinogenicity of inorganic mercury are still under debate. Results of mutagenicity and genotoxicity testing with mercury have been inconsistent: mercury induces DNA single-strand breaks at low concentrations in mammalian cells but has not proved mutagenic in several bacterial mutagenicity assays. We investigated the mutagenicity of s...

Cashew (Anacardium occidentale) is a medicinal plant native to Brazil and also yields a nutritious fruit juice. Its large pulpy pseudo-fruit, referred to as the cashew apple, contains high concentrations of vitamin C, carotenoids, phenolic compounds and minerals. Natural and processed cashew apple juice (CAJ/cajuina) are amongst the most popular juices in Brazil, especially in the north-east. B...

Addition of the plant phenolic flavonoid (+)-catechin to rat liver microsomes inhibited the mutagenicity of the aromatic amines 2-aminofluorene and 4-aminobiphenyl in the Ames test. Similarly, (+)-catechin decreased the mutagenicity of N-hydroxy-4-amino-biphenyl, the proximate carcinogen, but, in contrast, had no effect on the mutagenicity of other direct-acting carcinogens such as N-methyl-N'-...

Objective: Nitroaromatic compounds are important industrial chemicals widely used in the synthesis of many diverse products including drugs, dyes, polymers, pesticides and explosives. However, the mutagenicity associated with nitroaromatic compounds is a toxicological feature which poses great concern. On the other hand, there are successful examples of non-mutagenic nitroaromatic molecules; in...

In this study, we investigate the potential of Moricandia arvensis methanol leaf extract (MeOHL) on calpain activity, melanin biosynthesis and DNA mutagenicity. Cytotoxic effect and measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by lucigenin in colorectal cells (BE) were also determined. In addition the chemical analysis of the extract was also studied and the chemical profile illustrates...

A Phase II chemoprevention trial was carried out in Qidong, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China. The recruited subjects, all of whom were positive for serum aflatoxin-albumin adducts, were divided into three treatment arms: placebo; oltipraz ([5-(2-pyrazinyl)-4-methyl-1,2-dithiol-3-thione]) given daily at 125 mg p.o.; and oltipraz given once per week at 500 mg p.o. Besides biomarkers r...