1. Two Questions Distinguish two questions about natural kinds. First, the naturalness question: what, if anything, makes a natural kind natural? Perhaps the members of a natural kind, unlike the members of an arbitrary group, stand in some natural similarity relation to one another. Perhaps they share an essence or some other natural feature. Or perhaps, as conventionalists argue, the boundari...

Electrooculography (EOG) is the measurement of eye movements using surface electrodes adhered around eye. EOG systems can be designed to have an unobtrusive form-factor that ideal for tracking in free-living over long durations, but relationship between voltage and gaze direction requires frequent re-calibration as skin-electrode impedance retinal adaptation vary time. Here we propose a method ...

introduction in recent years methods based on radio frequency waves have been used for detecting breast cancer. using theses waves leads to better results in early detection of breast cancer comparing with conventional mammography which has been used during several years. materials and methods in this paper, a new method is introduced for detection of backscattered signals which are received by...

annihilation or reduction of each kind of noise blended in correct data signals is a field that has attracted many researchers. it is a fact that fuzzy theory presents full capability in this field. fuzzy filters are often strong in smoothing corrupted signals, whereas they have simple structures. in this paper, a new powerful yet simple fuzzy procedure is introduced for sharpness reduction in ...

Many games and simulations utilize modularized low-level code to move characters about in an environment. This requires extensive technical skill to translate basic high-level actions, as well as extensive time to write code, which includes very detailed instructions on what and when actions will occur across all agents. Other options exist such as mocap files; however, most are not highly dyna...

We make the simple observation that, because of global symmetry violating higher-dimension operators expected to be induced by Planck-scale physics, textures are generically much too short-lived to be of use for large-scale structure formation. The texture scenario for large-scale structure formation is an attractive alternative to inflation or other, defect mediated, proposals based on new phy...

Bronchial asthma continues to be a significantly distressing and frequently fatal disorder. In the general population, it is estimated that there are three million asthmatics with a fatality rate of 4000 to 7000 deaths annually . 23 The natural history of this disease continues to be a problem at the basic biological level and to the clinician . Presentday concepts in management of status asthm...