The relation between the site of energy deposition and the site of its biological action is an important question in radiobiology. Even at 77 degrees K, evidence is clear that these two sites must be separated since energy deposition is random but specific products are formed. Several processes that may contribute to this separation are: 1) hole migration and stabilization through deprotonat...

Interactions between particles in quantum many-body systems can lead to collective behavior described by hydrodynamics. One such system is the electron-hole plasma in graphene near the charge-neutrality point, which can form a strongly coupled Dirac fluid. This charge-neutral plasma of quasi-relativistic fermions is expected to exhibit a substantial enhancement of the thermal conductivity, than...

The black holes radiate their mass and energy in the form of gravitational waves Hawking-radiation, which lead to a decrease holes. During formation Hawking radiation, reduce continuously with passage time t. For this reason metric tensor hole should depends on In work, time-dependent term is introduced horizon without losing its symmetry structure by using approximate Noether equation. affects...

It has been proposed that valence-band holes can form robust spin qubits1–4 owing to their weaker hyperfine coupling compared with electrons5,6. However, it was demonstrated recently7–11 that the hole hyperfine interaction is not negligible, although a consistent picture of the mechanism controlling its magnitude is still lacking. Here we address this problem by measuring the hole hyperfine con...

the drilling is well known as one of the most common hole making processes in the industry.due to close tolerance requirement for drilled holes in the most of work pieces, onlinecontrolling of the diameter of drilled holes seems to be necessary. in the current work, an onlinedimensional controlling system was developed for drilling process. doing this, drilling processwas executed in different ...

We present a theory to describe the low energy physics of a two-dimensional electron gas at filling factor ν = 1/2. In this theory the elementary excitations are dipole-like fermionic particles each made up of charge ±1/2 quasiparticles. These neutral fermions obey a constrained dynamics, do not respect time reversal symmetry, and do not form a conventional Fermi liquid. Sufficiently strong dis...

We present a theory to describe the low energy physics of a two-dimensional electron gas at filling factor ν = 1/2. In this theory the elementary excitations are dipole-like fermionic particles each made up of charge ±1/2 quasiparticles. These neutral fermions obey a constrained dynamics, do not respect time reversal symmetry, and do not form a conventional Fermi liquid. Sufficiently strong dis...

We present 1.5D Vlasov code simulations of the dynamics electron holes in non-uniform magnetic and electric fields typical current sheets and, particularly, Earth's magnetotail sheet. The show that spatial width amplitude do not substantially vary course propagation, but there arises a double layer localized around hole manifested as drop electrostatic potential along hole. demonstrate produced...