YERCEPTIONS OF A GLOBAL CRISIS have been rampant for over a decade. Third world nations fear their development prospects are being undermined by a series of devastating external shocks. Unprecedentedly high levels of foreign debt service, coupled with climbing interest rates and falling export revenues, have forced many developing countries to cut imports, restrict public-sector spending, curta...

This paper studies the causes of oil price fluctuations in last fifty years and critically analyses factors affecting price. It also put forth business problem loss incurred by oil-importing countries like India due to gives solution lower severity them. The findings are based on ANOVA test carried out using prices three major crude benchmarks such as WTI, Brent OPEC. this study can be benefici...

Economic freedom indicators create a beneficial and suitable guide crucial reference for investors, policymakers, lenders, market researchers worldwide. In light of these indicators, the economic performances countries can be determined. The Heritage Foundation annually releases ranked list country based on their performance in terms fourteen criteria with equal weights through simple aggregati...

In this article, we unearth the institution for enforcement of the agreement between the Opec Boys, fuel smugglers and ex-rebels, and a politician, who allows them to conduct illegal smuggling. Rather than the Opec Boys’ threat of rebellion, their promise of political support and refraining from civil disorder matters to inflict cooperation. A repeated play mechanism where the players punish ea...

Article history: Received 21 April 2008 Received in revised form 13 May 2009 Accepted 14 May 2009 Available online 27 May 2009 This paper assumes that the decision makers of OPEC (or at least of its core members) are interested in both profits and political payoffs (support, popularity, being a hero of the Arab or Islamic street, etc.). The oil weapon, i.e. a reduction of output is the most pow...

E nergy analysts sometimes speak of oil’s “golden era,” that 100-year stretch between 1874 and 1974 when the real price was relatively stable within a range from $10 to $20 per barrel (BP, 2008) in 2007 dollars. Figure 1 shows that in recent decades, that stability has ended. In October 1973, several Arabic members of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) announced that i...