Growth conditions play a major role in expression of virulence by Shigella spp. both in vitro (adherence and internalization in eukaryotic host cells) and in vivo (keratoconjunctivitis). Optimized expression of virulence required anaerobic growth to log phase in particular media such as brain heart infusion broth. Kinetic studies of guinea pig eye infections showed that as few as 2 x 10(5) S. d...

We study the optimal linear arrangement (OLA) problem on interval graphs. Several linear layout problems that are NP-hard on general graphs are solvable in polynomial time on interval graphs. We prove that, quite surprisingly, optimal linear arrangement of interval graphs is NP-hard. The same result holds for permutation graphs. We present a lower bound and a simple and fast 2-approximation alg...

In this proposition, we present a link management technique for pro-active routing protocols for ad-hoc networks. This new mechanism is based on signal strength hence cross layer approach is used. The hysteresis mechanism provided by OLSR is improved upon by using signal strength in combination with the hello loss based hysteresis. The signal power is used to determine if the link-quality is im...

The continuous phase property of Continuous Phase Modulation (CPM) makes it possible to define spectrally efficient digital modulation schemes with a narrow spectral main lobe and small spectral side lobes by using a small modulation index, a non-binary alphabet size and a smooth phase pulse [1]. The constant envelope property of CPM also allows the use of non-linear amplifiers, which have lowe...

Background: Understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in cell/tumor growth and progression has led to molecular-targeted therapy. HER1 and HER2 are two main oncogenic components of HER-receptor family considered as targets for cancer research and therapy. Reliable results of HER- related research and targeted therapies dependent upon cell line with known HER expression status....

Human face-to-face communication plays an important role in human communication and interaction. In recent years, several different approaches have been proposed for developing methods of automatic facial expression analysis. In this paper we have proposed a novel facial expression recognition system which chooses the optimized features using particle swarm optimization (PSO) from the features ...

BACKGROUND Heterologous expression of psychrophilic enzymes in E. coli is particularly challenging due to their intrinsic instability. The low stability is regarded as a consequence of adaptation that allow them to function at low temperatures. Recombinant production presents a significant barrier to their exploitation for commercial applications in industry. METHODS As part of an enzyme disc...